旋转式滗水器的工作原理与变频调速控制

SBR法是目前应用较为广泛的一种污水处理技术,其关键的机械设备之一就是旋转式滗水器。通过分析旋转式滗水器的基本结构及工作原理,推导出堰口与驱动装置间的数学关系式,并运用列举法采样滗水过程中的运行数据。根据实际运行的经验对采样的数据进行整合,介绍利用变频调速控制技术实现匀速滗水的方法。     

基于OMI卫星遥感数据的兰州市SO2空间分布分析

以大气探测卫星Aura上所搭载的臭氧观测仪(Ozone Monitoring Instrument,OMI)传感器所得的SO2数据产品为依据,结合遥感图像处理技术和地理信息系统分析方法,重点解译了甘肃省兰州市区2009-2010年采暖期和非采暖期SO2空间分布情况.从总体上看,研究区采暖期和非采暖期存在的SO2高值区域不同,采暖期SO2高值区主要存在于兰州市中东部,非采暖期主要存在于兰州市西部.与2005年SO2空间分布情况对比发现,中高柱量(DU ＞0.81)浓度SO2柱量值区的范围明显增加,而最高值区域范围缩小.该技术通过建立数据平台,能够对环境中任意某个点(栅格数据)随时提取进行评价,做到实时远程监测.     

高分辨率卫星遥感数据在白衣庵滑坡调查研究中的应用

利用Quickbird-2卫星遥感数据对白依庵滑坡进行了调查研究。首先选取321和432波段进行彩色合成,并且与pan波段进行了分辨率融合,对融合后的图像进行正射校正作为遥感解译底图。从遥感影像上提取了白依庵滑坡的各要素,进行了稳定性评价和危害性分析,并提出了防治措施建议。根据研究结果可知,在现阶段利用Quickbird-2高分辨率卫星遥感数据进行滑坡研究具有无比的优越性、实用性和经济性。     

中国铝元素物质流投入产出模型构建与分析

在构建全国铝物质流投入产出模型的基础上,对2001年,2004年,2005年和2007年全国铝损失的来源进行了解析. 结果表明:2001—2004年生产加工部门和消费部门来源于国内开采的铝损失所占比例分别从54.8%和47.6%升至64.4%和53.1%,全国铝损失率从32.5%增至42.4%;2004—2005年来源于国内开采的铝损失增幅迅速降至4.9%,2005—2007年保持在8.8%. 来源于国内开采的铝损失占铝损失总量的比例最大,2001年,2004年和2007年所占比例分别达到了34.1%,44.8%和36.3%,提示依然需要提高国内铝开采的利用效率和加工技术水平以减少铝损失总量. 2001年,2004年,2005年和2007年来源于国外进口的铝损失量占铝进口总量的比例分别为30.9%,39.1%,35.8%和33.3%,损失率变化不大,未来应增加再生铝的使用比例以降低铝的损失率.      

分布式光伏-储能系统经济-碳排放-能源效益实证分析——以山东省胶州光伏及其储能系统为例

建立光伏-储能系统成本收益经济模型和全生命周期碳排放和能源分析模型,以静态投资回收期和内部收益率、碳排放强度和碳补偿回收期、能量回收期分别作为经济效益、碳减排效益和能源效益的评价指标,并以山东省胶州农村5,8,10,15kW光伏和11kW-h储能系统为案例,分析增加储能系统后的经济-碳排放-能源特征.案例表明,增加储能...     

Influence of the organic complex concentration on adsorption of herbicide in organic modified montmorillonite

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of the organic complex concentration on the adsorption of herbicide (acetochlor) at the surface of the organic modified montmorillonite. In this work, natural montmorillonite from Bogovina (Boljevac municipality, Serbia) was used for organic modification. Cation-exchange capacity of this montmorillonite was determined using a methylene blue method (86 mmol/100 g of clay). Montmorillonite has been modified first with NaCl and then with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-bromide) organic complex. Saturation of cation exchange capacity (CEC) was 50%, 100%, and 150%. Changes in the properties of the inorganic and organic montmorillonite have been examined using the X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and batch equilibrium method. Montmorillonite modified with HDTMA-bromide demonstrated higher uptake of the herbicide, compared to the inorganic montmorillonite. Comparing the values Freundlich coefficients in batch equilibrium method, it can be seen that the adsorption of acetochlor decreased in the series: 0.5 CEC HM > 1 CEC HM > 1.5 CEC HM > NaM.     

采样容器溶出氯离子对监测空气中氯化氢的干扰分析

试验了玻璃、聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯等不同材质容器溶出氯离子对环境空气中氯化氢测定的影响,指出测定结果偏高的原因在于采用玻璃气泡吸收管,分析了玻璃材质溶出氯离子的原因,建议采用特制的聚四氟乙烯或聚乙烯吸收管采样。     

碱渣堆场废弃地的生态恢复与景观重建途径探索

利用天津市塘沽区三号路碱渣堆场废弃地改造和生态恢复为紫云公园的生态恢复工程实践,对科学治理碱渣堆场废弃地的生态恢复进行了研究. 采用生态恢复工程的方法,针对碱渣复杂的化学成分和特殊的物理性质,通过制造碱渣工程土填垫低洼地,在堆造山体过程中采取工程措施确保山体的稳定,采取覆盖一定厚度外源种植土的方式以适合植物生长,最后种植以乡土先锋植物为主的人工植被,对天津塘沽碱渣堆场废弃地进行了生态恢复. 实现了治理碱渣堆场的目标,并解决了易软化碱渣土堆造山体的工程难题.      

Ecological Engineering Practices for the Reduction of Excess Nitrogen in Human-Influenced Landscapes: A Guide for Watershed Managers

Excess nitrogen (N) in freshwater systems, estuaries, and coastal areas has well-documented deleterious effects on ecosystems. Ecological engineering practices (EEPs) may be effective at decreasing nonpoint source N leaching to surface and groundwater. However, few studies have synthesized current knowledge about the functioning principles, performance, and cost of common EEPs used to mitigate N pollution at the watershed scale. Our review describes seven EEPs known to decrease N to help watershed managers select the most effective techniques from among the following approaches: advanced-treatment septic systems, low-impact development (LID) structures, permeable reactive barriers, treatment wetlands, riparian buffers, artificial lakes and reservoirs, and stream restoration. Our results show a broad range of N-removal effectiveness but suggest that all techniques could be optimized for N removal by promoting and sustaining conditions conducive to biological transformations (e.g., denitrification). Generally, N-removal efficiency is particularly affected by hydraulic residence time, organic carbon availability, and establishment of anaerobic conditions. There remains a critical need for systematic empirical studies documenting N-removal efficiency among EEPs and potential environmental and economic tradeoffs associated with the widespread use of these techniques. Under current trajectories of N inputs, land use, and climate change, ecological engineering alone may be insufficient to manage N in many watersheds, suggesting that N-pollution source prevention remains a critical need. Improved understanding of N-removal effectiveness and modeling efforts will be critical in building decision support tools to help guide the selection and application of best EEPs for N management.     

六株真菌对土壤中芘和苯并芘的降解及其动力学

研究了6株真菌对土壤中芘和苯并芘(BaP)的降解动态,用Michaelis-Menton和Monod动力学模型对结果进行拟合.结果表明,6株真菌对芘和BaP的降解速率有显著性差异,降解率相差不大.产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum,SF04),在42d内对BaP的降解能力最强,可达71.31%,对芘的降解能力相对最弱.镰刀菌(Fusariumsp.,SF11),黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger,SF05),木霉(Trichodermasp.,SF02)和毛霉(Mucorsp.,SF06)42d对芘的降解率分别为86.22%,86.18%,85.41%,85.04%,对BaP的降解率分别为71.11%,69.44%,69.05%,69.72%.木霉(Trichodermasp.,SF02)和毛霉(Mucorsp.,SF06)对芘和BaP的降解速率均很快.