生物炭的制备及其镁改性对污染物的吸附行为研究

以小麦和玉米秸秆为原料,于不同温度下制备了生物炭样品,并采用氯化镁(MgCl_2)、乙酸镁(Mg(CH_3COO)_2)和硝酸镁(Mg(NO_3)_2)对秸秆及其生物炭进行改性.通过分析各生物炭产率、pH、元素分析、比表面积、CEC、XRD及FT-IR,探究了生物炭理化性质的变化规律.各样品对氨氮、Pb(Ⅱ)及乙草胺的吸附试验结果表明:小麦秸秆经Mg(CH_3COO)_2改性后得到的生物炭的饱和吸附量最大;对3种吸附质的吸附过程均符合准二级吸附动力学方程;低浓度下吸附过程均可自发进行,对氨氮的吸附符合Langmuir模型且以离子交换作用为主,对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附符合Freundlich模型且以离子交换作用为主,对乙草胺的吸附符合Langmuir模型且以分配、氢键和π-π电子受体供体作用为主.     

石油炼制业污染防治与清洁生产

石油炼制业是国民经济的支柱行业,直接关系到整个国民经济的发展,它不仅提供各种石油产品,同时也为石油化工、化纤、化肥等工业提供原料。同时,石油炼制业也是污染物排放大户,在生产过程中产生大量废水、废气、固体废物,对人体健康和环境造成了一定潜在的影响。石油产品和中间产品多为易燃、易爆、有毒、有害的化学物质,在生产、储运和使用过程中,会对大气、水域、湖泊、土壤、环境造成危害,必须采取有效的方法加以预防和治理。而实施清洁生产可以有效的帮助石油炼制业节能资源、减少排污。     

徐州市环境监测网络建设现状及发展探讨

从环境质量监测、污染源监测、应急监测、生态监测和监测信息等方面对徐州市环境监测网络建设的现状进行分析及未来徐州市环境监测网络的发展探讨.     

A dynamic simulation of methane fermentation process receiving heterogeneous food wastes and modelling acidic failure

Microbial response on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is a key for methane fermentation processes since accumulation of VFAs often causes an acidic failure, especially treating such organics as food wastes composed of mostly readily biodegradable materials. To evaluate the impact of VFA accumulation, a lab-scale continuous experiment was performed for 110 days with sequential feeding of heterogeneous food wastes. When the volumetric loading rate was increased from 6 to 8 kg-COD/m³/day, a sudden decrease of methane production was observed with an accumulation of acetate and propionate in the fermenter. After discontinuation of feeding for 10 days, the digestate in the fermenter was centrifuged and washed with tap water to reduce the VFAs to be acceptable concentration below 1000 mg-COD/L. Nevertheless, no recovery of methane production was observed and VFA concentrations consistently increased. To model the event, a modification of ADM1 was made assuming the methanogens in the fermenter were irreversibly inactivated under very high VFA. Also considering the different nature of the fed food wastes over 11 samples, decomposition kinetics of individual food wastes were manipulated. The modified ADM1 with methanogenic activity decay reasonably reproduced the responses for soluble material concentrations and methane gas production rate over the experimental period.     

Highlights and new Editorial Advisory Board members of the Journal of Environmental Sciences

正The Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES)is honored to welcome Professors/Drs William A.Mitch,Jiuhui Qu,Susan D.Richardson,Jerald L.Schnoor,Hongxiao Tang,Shu Tao,and Hugh A.Tilson to serve on the Editorial Advisory Board(EAB).Their tremendous experience in scientific publications,leading expertise in topic areas pertinent to JES,diverse international networks/perspectives,and exemplary dedication to scientific excellence will guide and help the continuing healthy growth of JES.     

Cover features and new Associate Editors of the Journal of Environmental Sciences

正We are very pleased to announce that five Associate Editors have joined the editorial team of the Journal of Environmental Sciences(JES).Professors/Drs.Yong Cai,Paul Lam,Jonathan Martin,Michael Plewa,and Po Keung Wong bring a wealth of expertise in environmental sciences.As preeminent scientists in their chosen areas of research,they have made outstanding contributions to the discipline of environmental     

滇池水生植物分布对沉积物间隙水中不同形态氮的影响

为揭示水生植物分布对滇池沉积物间隙水中各形态氮质量浓度的影响,于2015年6月在滇池分别采集有植物区域和无植物区域的沉积物柱状样,检测间隙水及上覆水中DTN(溶解性总氮)、NH₄+-N、NO₃--N和DON(溶解性有机氮)的质量浓度,分析其垂向变化特征以及水生植物对间隙水中各形态氮的释放控制效果. 结果表明:①水生植物改变了柱状沉积物间隙水中不同形态氮的分布规律,并且这种改变随湖区不同而表现不尽一致;②水生植物显著降低了沉积物间隙水中DON的贡献率,有植物分布区域ρ(DON)对ρ(DTN)的平均贡献率为41.05%,无植物区域可达58.48%;③水生植物显著抑制了沉积物中无机氮的释放,促进了DON的转化,同一采样点有植物区域NH₄+-N和NO₃--N的沉积物-水界面扩散通量分别比无植物区域平均降低了87.52%和91.99%;④水生植物生长显著削减了沉积物间隙水中氮的质量浓度,其中ρ(DON)的削减率达到了53.27%~80.42%. 研究显示,水生植物根系作为微生物和多种活性酶的主要载体,为沉积物有机氮的矿化降解起到了促进作用.      

滇池河流氮入湖负荷时空变化及形态组成贡献

为给进一步实施滇池入湖污染控制及小流域污染治理提供依据,以滇池环湖28条河流入湖水量及水体中不同形态氮的质量浓度逐月调查数据为基础,研究了滇池河流不同形态氮的入湖浓度(ρ)和入湖负荷的时空变化,并探讨了不同形态氮的入湖负荷贡献. 结果表明:①滇池河流入湖ρ(TN)在2.91～94.01 mg/L之间,以ρ(DIN)(DIN为溶解性无机氮)最高,而ρ(DON)(DON为溶解性有机氮)和ρ(PN)(PN为颗粒态氮)均较低. ②滇池河流氮入湖负荷总量为6 908.47 t/a,绝大多数河流以DIN负荷为主,平均贡献为67.15%;DON和PN入湖负荷贡献相近,平均分别为17.86%和14.99%. ③不同形态氮入湖负荷贡献的季节性差异明显,DIN入湖负荷较高值出现在春夏季(3—9月),平均贡献达74.01%;DON入湖负荷较高值则出现在秋冬季(9月—翌年1月),平均贡献达33.42%;PN入湖负荷贡献月份变化差异较小,最高值出现在2月,贡献为40.19%. ④滇池河流氮入湖负荷不仅要考虑DIN的贡献,也应重视DON和PN负荷,控制滇池河流氮入湖负荷需要考虑不同河流不同形态氮负荷组成及其季节性差异,有针对性地采取相应措施.