基于ANN的山东省可持续发展水平的区域差异

针对区域可持续发展系统的非线性,采用人工神经网络中较为先进的自组织特征映射网络构建模型.以山东省17个地市2001年的经济、人口、资源、环境、生活和科教状况作为带分样本,用自组织特征映射模型对山东省可持续发展区域差异进行了研究.研究结果表明,山东省可持续发展水平的区域差异可划分为4类,模拟结果比较理想.     

超高效液相色谱（UPLC^TM）的优点及其在环境监测中的应用

文章在系统介绍超高效液相色谱技术（UPLC^TM）工作原理的基础上,总结了UPLC^TM系统在分离度、分析速度、灵敏度等方面的先进性,并以三种污染物（有机酚、氨基甲酸酯类农药、硝基苯）的UPLC^TM分析结果为、例对其在环境监测领域的应用进行了说明,以期为丰富和改进环境分析手段提供参考。     

资阳市大气污染源排放清单研究

采用实地调研、资料收集等方式获得了2017年资阳市典型污染源的活动水平数据,参照城市大气污染物排放清单编制技术手册建立了基于排放因子法和物料衡算法的资阳市大气污染源排放清单,分析了主要污染物的行业排放特征和空间分布特征。结果表明,2017年资阳市SO₂、NO_X、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、VOCs、NH₃总排放量分别为3.58kt、13.91kt、94.91kt、25.51kt、8.67kt、23.84kt和46.44kt。SO₂排放主要来自工业源;NOX排放主要来自移动源;CO排放主要来自工业过程及移动源;PM₁₀和PM_2.5、排放来自扬尘源和露天秸秆焚烧;VOCs主要来自溶剂使用源;NH₃主要来自农业活动。资阳市主要污染物排放分布在工业点源较为集中的雁江区和安岳县,乐至县污染物排放量相对较小。     

Water Hyacinth in China: A Sustainability Science-Based Management Framework

The invasion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has resulted in enormous ecological and economic consequences worldwide. Although the spread of this weed in Africa, Australia, and North America has been well documented, its invasion in China is yet to be fully documented. Here we report that since its introduction about seven decades ago, water hyacinth has infested many water bodies across almost half of China’s territory, causing a decline of native biodiversity, alteration of ecosystem services, deterioration of aquatic environments, and spread of diseases affecting human health. Water hyacinth infestations have also led to enormous economic losses in China by impeding water flows, paralyzing navigation, and damaging irrigation and hydroelectricity facilities. To effectively control the rampage of water hyacinth in China, we propose a sustainability science-based management framework that explicitly incorporates principles from landscape ecology and Integrated Pest Management. This framework emphasizes multiple-scale long-term monitoring and research, integration among different control techniques, combination of control with utilization, and landscape-level adaptive management. Sustainability science represents a new, transdisciplinary paradigm that integrates scientific research, technological innovation, and socioeconomic development of particular regions. Our proposed management framework is aimed to broaden the currently dominant biological control-centered view in China and to illustrate how sustainability science can be used to guide the research and management of water hyacinth.     

Impact of tourism development on land-cover change in a matriarchal community in the Lugu Lake area

Remote sensing was used to assess the impacts of tourism development on temporal land-cover changes in the Lugu Lake region, home to the Mosuo people. The ecological and economic significance of the Lugu Lake area derives from the existence of a unique matriarchal system and the success of tourism development. Temporal land-cover changes between 1990 and 2005 were evaluated using digital interpretation of multitemporal Landsat TM images. Pairwise comparison methods were used to quantify changes in land-cover during three periods: 1990 to 1995, 1995 to 2001, and 2001 to 2005. The areas surveyed in each period were 10,226 ha, 7,727 ha and 9,344 ha, respectively. The annual rate of land-cover change for farmland, forest, grassland and wetland were 2.86%, 5.85%, 3.95%, 6.28%, respectively. Farmland and wetland have decreased, whereas forest, grassland and residential areas have increased. The land-cover changes could be explained by the success of tourism development and ecosystem management in Lugu Lake region. The impact of tourism on land cover and the community environment were assessed. The results show that most farmers actively left farms for off-farm jobs and took measures to protect forest, grassland and wetland by developing tourism in the study area. However, construction in residential areas has proceeded in a disorderly fashion. In future, the potential impacts of tourism on the lake ecosystem need to be re-assessed and monitored.     

应用水培蔬菜净化滇池富营养水体分析研究

通过对福保乡水培蔬菜示范区的进出口水体中营养物质氮、磷、COD、氨氮等指标的监测数据分析,研究水培蔬菜净化滇池富营养化水体的作用、效果、水环境的改善以及由此带来的经济和景观价值。     

城市人居环境的协调发展度研究——以上海市青浦区为例

城市人居环境的可持续发展体系是一个由人口、社会、资源、环境与经济5个子系统构成的开放巨系统。通过提出综合衡量系统“协调性”和“发展水平”的“协调发展度”模型，研究人居环境复合系统内5个子系统之间协调发展度情况。并运用灰色预测理论构建GM（1，N）动态模型，预测未来几年各子系统之间协调发展的状况。     

UASB反应器对印染废水中碳、氮、硫的协同去除研究

采用"UASB-缺氧好氧-混凝沉淀"组合工艺对印染废水进行中试处理研究.结果发现,UASB反应器不仅可以解决印染废水可生化性低、色度高的问题,还对废水中的碳、氮、硫具有协同去除作用,优化条件下UASB可将废水B/C从0.18~0.26提高至0.4以上,对色度、COD、TN、SO_4~(2-)、S~(2-)平均去除率分别为77.0%、36.4%、38.5%、77.5%、60.1%.同时,为了探究碳、氮、硫协同去除机理,对优化条件下的运行数据进行了分析并采用454高通量测序技术进行菌种鉴定.结果表明,UASB反应器内存在硫酸盐还原、厌氧氨化、同步脱硫反硝化和硝化反硝化4种作用,从而造成了碳、氮、硫的同步去除.菌种鉴定未发现产甲烷菌,说明产甲烷菌受到了抑制,UASB反应器很好地停留在了水解酸化阶段.进一步结合小试研究得出,硫酸盐还原是促使硝化反硝化、脱硫反硝化产生的原因,同时也促进了有机物去除.总体而言,硫酸盐还原促进了碳、氮、硫的协同去除.     

废水反硝化除磷技术应用研究进展

废水的反硝化除磷技术作为生物除磷的一个新思路,因其能够解决废水处理工艺运行中碳源不足、污泥产量大和好氧阶段曝气能耗大等问题,受到环境保护领域的关注。文章对反硝化除磷的机理、影响因素、现有工艺及研究现状作了综述,并对反硝化除磷技术未来发展作了展望。认为今后研究重点应集中在以下几个方面：①对DPBs有更全面的认识,富集和筛选更多高效的DPBs菌株;②在理论研究的基础上开发更多的反硝化除磷工艺,并将其应用于工程实践。     

水环境中碳纳米管对沙丁胺醇光降解的影响

选取沙丁胺醇(salbutamol,SAL)为目标污染物,研究了3种碳纳米管(CNTs,单壁碳纳米管SCNT、羟基衍生化多壁碳纳米管MWNT-OH和羧基衍生化多壁碳纳米管MWNT-COOH)对有机污染物在模拟太阳光照下降解的影响;并且研究了CNTs与天然水体中光活性物质三价铁离子(Fe3+)的相互作用.结果表明,3种CNTs能够通过竞争吸收光子,即光屏蔽作用抑制SAL光解;同时又能通过光致激发产生单线态氧(1O2)促进光解反应,两种作用机制同时存在,在绝大多数情况下,抑制作用占主导地位.此外,CNTs还能通过静电吸附作用使水体中的光活性物质Fe3+失活,从而影响有机污染物在天然水体中的光化学行为.