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681.
短程硝化颗粒污泥的快速培养与硝化特性研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为种泥,以2 min沉淀时间为选择压,在序批式反应器(SBR)中快速培养出好氧颗粒污泥。经过60个周期(20 d),反应器内出现砂粒状颗粒,并持续稳定运行120 d。成熟的颗粒污泥平均粒径856.56μm,具有良好的硝化性能。SBR反应器以固定曝气时间方式运行,亚硝酸盐积累率达80%以上,实现了稳定短程硝化。试验结果表明:絮体污泥(即接种污泥)与颗粒污泥的硝化过程相似但略有差异。二者差别在于,氨氮氧化结束后,继续曝气120 min,絮体污泥将亚硝酸盐完全转化为硝酸盐,而颗粒污泥仅将部分亚硝酸盐转化且过程比较缓慢。 相似文献
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684.
Bacterial strain Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. The ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was investigated under denitrifying conditions. Under optimal conditions of temperature (35℃) and initial pH 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/L was degraded within 176 hr. The degradation of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D could be well described by the Haldane model (R2 > 0.91). During the degradation period of 2-methylquinoline (initial concentration 100 mg/L), nitrate was almost completely consumed (the removal efficiency was 98.5%), while nitrite remained at low concentration (< 0.62 mg/L) during the whole denitrification period. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, 4-ethyl-benzenamine, N-butyl-benzenamine, N-ethyl-benzenamine and 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine were metabolites produced during the degradation. The degradation pathway of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was proposed. 2-Methylquinoline is initially hydroxylated at C-4 to form 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline, and then forms 2-methyl-4-quinolinol as a result of tautomerism. Hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring at positions 2 and 3 produces 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-quinolinol. The carbon-carbon bond at position 2 and 3 in the heterocyclic ring may cleave and form 2-ethyl-N-ethyl-benzenamine. Tautomerism may result in the formation of 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine and N-butyl-benzenamine. 4-Ethyl-benzenamine and N-ethyl-benzenamine were produced as a result of losing one ethyl group from the above molecules. 相似文献
685.
Chengliang Li Andreas Schffer Harry Vereecken Marc Heggen Rong Ji Erwin Klumpp 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):466-472
The aggregation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the aqueous phase not only inhibits their extensive utilization in various aspects but also dominates their environmental fate and transport.The role of surfactants at low concentration in the aggregation of MWCNTs has been studied,however the effect of perfluorinated surfactants at low concentration is uncertain.To understand this interfacial phenomenon,the influences of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA),and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a control,on MWCNT aggregation in the aqueous phase were examined by the UV absorbency method.Influences of pH and cationic species on the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) value were evaluated.The CCC values were dependent on the concentration of PFOA,however a pronounced effect of SDS concentration on the CCC values was not observed.The CCC values of the MWCNTs were 51.6 mmol/L in NaCl and 0.28 mmol/L in CaCl 2 solutions,which suggested pronounced differences in the effects of Na+ and Ca2+ ions on the aggregation of the MWCNTs.The presence of both PFOA and SDS significantly decreased the CCC values of the MWCNTs in NaCl solution.The aggregation of the MWCNTs took place under acidic conditions and was not notably altered under neutral and alkaline conditions due to the electrostatic repulsion of deprotonated functional groups on the surface of the MWCNTs. 相似文献
686.
阐述了变风量除尘系统在线节能研究电气控制部分的设备、软件、控制等内容。根据实验的需求,通过采用变频控制、压力闭环控制、风量闭环控制等技术,实现在线节能技术的自动控制,并对实验数据进行采集,这对于该控制技术扩大到工程应用具有指导意义。 相似文献
687.
水泥窑替代燃料中的重金属特性分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以水泥窑常用的替代燃料——生活垃圾和污泥为研究对象,分别测定了重金属As、Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb、Cr、Zn、Ni总量,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的形态分布及As、Cr的价态,结果表明:脱水污泥中,8种重金属含量由高到低的顺序为:Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Ni>Hg>As>Cd。三种垃圾筛上物中,8种重金属含量由高到低的依次顺序为:Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb>As>Hg>Cd。市政污泥中,Cd以酸提取态为主,占总量的45%以上;Pb 94%以残渣态存在;Cu以有机结合态为主,占63.16%;Zn以铁锰氧化态为主,占43.5%。三种垃圾筛上物中,Pb几乎没有酸可提取态和铁锰氧化态的存在,重金属Cd没有残渣态存在。原生垃圾中,重金属Zn酸可提取态占18.52%,而堆肥垃圾筛上物和矿化垃圾筛上物中,重金属Zn酸可提取态为1%以下,铁锰氧化态含量为75%左右。垃圾和污泥中,重金属Cr(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)均未检出。 相似文献
688.
试验针对石化污泥生物堆肥,开展了五种不同物料配比和是否添加微生物菌剂的对比试验。试验结果表明:随着堆肥物料中石化污泥配比的提高,堆肥的含水率增大,种植青梗菜的平均单株株高、株重减小,单位面积产量也降低。堆肥物料配比相同的处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅴ对比发现,堆肥处理过程中未添加微生物菌剂的处理Ⅴ的青梗菜的平均单株株高、株重、单位面积产量显著低于添加微生物菌剂的处理Ⅱ,甚至低于石化污泥配比为100%并添加微生物菌剂的处理Ⅳ,试验表明,堆肥过程中添加微生物菌剂,其作用不仅可以提高石化污泥生物堆肥的堆体温度,缩短堆肥周期,而且可提高堆肥在农业种植应用中的效果。 相似文献
689.
明胶生产产业在废水处理工艺中产生大量剩余高钙污泥,采用该剩余污泥作为燃煤固硫剂,在高温管式电阻炉内进行燃烧实验,通过测定燃烧前和燃烧后样品中的硫含量确定该剩余污泥的固硫效果。通过单因素研究煤粉粒径、剩余污泥粒径和剩余污泥/煤样%等影响因素对固硫率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上通过正交设计法优选达到较高固硫率的实验条件。实验结果表明:影响固硫率的因素从大到小依次为燃烧温度>剩余污泥/煤样%>煤粉粒径>剩余污泥粒径。以剩余污泥作为固硫剂,固硫率最高的实验条件为:燃烧温度800℃,剩余污泥/煤样为3%,煤粉粒径6090目,剩余污泥粒径9090目,剩余污泥粒径90120目。并且,当温度达到1150℃,煤粉粒径90120目。并且,当温度达到1150℃,煤粉粒径90120目,剩余污泥粒径为60120目,剩余污泥粒径为6090目,污泥/煤样(质量比)为3%时,固硫率可达62.78%,说明在高温下该剩余污泥保持较高的固硫率。将明胶厂剩余污泥作为固硫剂是较为合适的再利用方法,可有效缓解当前该污泥大量堆积污染环境的状况。 相似文献
690.
The sorption of 17α-ethinyl estradiol(EE2),bisphenol A(BPA),and 4-n-nonylphenol(NP) in single systems and the sorption of EE2 with different initial aqueous concentrations of BPA or NP were examined using three soils.Results showed that all sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fit the Freundlich model.The degree of nonlinearity was in the order BPA(0.537-0.686) > EE2(0.705-0.858) > NP(0.875-0.0.951) in single systems.The isotherm linearity index of EE2 sorption calculated by the Freundlich model for Loam,Silt Loam and Silt increased from 0.758,0.705 and 0.858,to 0.889,0.910 and 0.969,respectively,when BPA concentration increased from 0 to 1000 μg/L,but the effect of NP was comparably minimal.Additionally,EE2 significantly suppressed the sorption of BPA,but insignificantly suppressed that of NP.These findings can be attributed to the difference of sorption affinity of EE2,NP and BPA on the hard carbon(e.g.,black carbon) of soil organic matter that dominated the sorption in the low equilibrium aqueous concentration range of endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs).Competitive sorption among EDCs presents new challenges for predicting the transport and fate of EDCs under the influence of co-solutes. 相似文献