Influence of human activity and monsoon dynamics on spatial and temporal hydrochemistry in tropical coastal waters (Sanya Bay,South China Sea)

Human activities and oceanic influences like mixing and/or upwelling define the hydrochemical and biological characteristics of coastal regions. In Sanya Bay, northern South China Sea, the balance between these two influences on spatial and temporal scales is poorly understood. The influence from human activities was due to discharge from Sanya River, whereas the most important marine influence was related to seasonal changes in hydrodynamics. Spatial differences (p<0.05) in total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were observed. Seasonal differences were observed for temperature and nutrients. Human activities are the dominant factor influemcing hydrochemistry in the inner bay. This region exhibited the maximum influence of discharge from Saya River as estimated by higher nutrient levels. Oceanic influences like upwelling and mixing caused by monsoons are the dominant factors influencing hydrochemistry in the central and outer bay. Both human activities and oceanic influences play important roles in coastal ecosystems in Sanya Bay. This study has defined these characteristics so that better management policies can be enacted.     

春节期间南京气溶胶质量浓度和化学组成特征

为研究春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对城市大气气溶胶质量浓度和化学组成分布特征的影响,对南京市2012年1月19~31日大气气溶胶质量浓度和水溶性离子及重金属等化学成分进行了观测.结果表明:烟花爆竹的大量集中燃放可使PM1.0的浓度以15.5μg/(m3·h)的速率增长;并使得能见度以1.625km/h的速率急剧下降.质量浓度谱和水溶性离子谱在燃放期均为三峰型分布,在非燃放期为双峰型分布.燃放期PM2.1和PM1.1中的K+、SO42-、NO3-、Cl-和Mg2+所占的比例比非燃放期升高了16%~38%,其他离子浓度变化不大.对于0.2~2.0μm的气溶胶,春节期间硝酸盐、含锌和含铜颗粒主要来自烟花爆竹燃放,含钾颗粒部分来自烟花爆竹燃放,含铅颗粒来自工业排放,烟花爆竹的燃放基本不产生硫酸盐颗粒.     

常州地区太湖流域上游水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系

2003年8月采用半定量采样法调查了常州地区太湖流域上游南河、运南、运北和洮滆水系29个样点的大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性,共获得113种大型底栖无脊椎动物,其中,腹足纲18种,瓣鳃纲10种,寡毛纲8种,蛭纲4种,甲壳纲6种,昆虫纲67种.优势种为霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)和梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata).该群落平均密度为658 m-2,其中,霍甫水丝蚓密度最高,达400 m-2.观山桥样点大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性最高,群落物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度和生态优势度分别为54,4.36,0.76和0.08.综合分析结果表明,群落多样性从高到低排序依次为南河水系、洮滆水系、运南水系、运北水系.出现频率在15%以上的24个物种与6种环境因子之间的典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示,总氮、总磷和溶解氧对该地区大型底栖无脊椎动物群落多样性的影响较大.