Peroxyacetyl nitrate observed in Beijing in August from 2005 to 2009

Measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate（PAN） were made at a Beijing urban site each August from2005 to 2009. Over this 5-year period, the average PAN concentration for August in each year increased from 3（2005） to 11.7 μg/m3（2007）; however, it decreased rapidly in 2008（4.1 μg/m3）.Generally, the variation over the 5 years showed a rise in the first part of the study period,followed by a decline. We considered two categories of local and regional air masses in this study, which revealed that the PAN concentration in Beijing was affected mainly by southeastern air masses. The August PAN variation was influenced predominantly by local air masses in 2005,but by 2009 regional air masses had become more important. This study showed the level and variation of PAN in the month of August in 5 consecutive years for the first time, and proved that control measures are useful in decreasing photochemical pollution; hence, these measures are probably feasible for other megacities too. Furthermore, this method of analyzing regional and local impacts might be useful for other studies as well.     

8/20μs雷电流下电涌保护器级间配合研究

通过对电涌保护器的伏安特性曲线进行研究,结合理论计算和ATP-EMTP软件仿真,在8/20μs电流波下,分析研究SPD能量配合的影响因素,包括级间距离、SPD自身参数等。在级间距离为0.5~100 m的多个距离下,对SPD级间配合进行了ATP-EMTP仿真分析。仿真结果显示,在级间距离为0.5~20 m时,后级SPD上电流随级间距离的增加而显著下降;当级间距离大于20m时,级间距离对后级电涌保护器电流的限制作用不明显。对于化工企业配电系统电涌保护器的安装,级间距离应控制在10~20 m范围,可兼顾效能和成本。     

聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂的性能研究

以硅酸钠、硫酸和硫酸铁为原料制备聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂（简称ＰＦＳＳ）,考察了ＰＦＳＳ在不同条件下水解产物表面的ζ电位变化情况,研究了Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比和投加量对ＰＦＳＳ除浊效果的影响,试验了ＰＦＳＳ的最佳混凝ｐＨ范围与Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比之间的关系,探讨了其混凝机理．结果表明,Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比对ＰＦＳＳ水解产物的ζ电位、ＰＦ－ＳＳ的混凝效果以及ＰＦＳＳ适宜的最佳ｐＨ值范围都有影响;当Ｆｅ／ＳｉＯ２摩尔比达１．５左右时,ＰＦＳＳ的混凝除浊效果趋于最佳．     

河西走廊水资源供需平衡及其对农业发展的承载潜力

河西走廊是甘肃省主要经济地区之一,河西走廊未来的经济发展规模在很大程度上取决于本地区水资源的承载能力。本文在水量平衡原理的基础上,对河西走廊水资源的供需平衡和水土资源平衡状况以及水资源对农业发展的承载潜力进行了分析计算,并建立了相应的数学模型,指出了河西走廊水资源的潜力巨大,只有在发展节水型农业和水资源合理、高效利用的条件下才能提高农业用水的承载潜力。     

江苏新沂市越流含水层的地下水资源评价

中国利用越流含水层作为城市供水水源地的实例并不多见。本文根据实际开采资料,利用伽略金（Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ）有限元法计算当补给层水头变化时越流含水层的地下水资源,并提出水位预测的方法。还利用补给层的水量平衡评价越流含水层开采量的保证程度,预测了新水源地投产后对老水源地的影响。本文对于正确认识越流含水层的地下水资源特性及其在城市供水中的意义有重要参考价值。     

氟与硒对大型溞的联合毒性研究

研究氟离子与四价硒、氟离子与六价硒对大型溞的急性联合毒性,并采用相加指数法和毒性单位分析法评价其联合效应。结果表明,氟离子与两种价态硒的联合毒性都为拮抗作用;氟与四价硒的拮抗作用程度大于氟与六价硒的作用;氟离子与四价硒在不同浓度比例下混合作用,其拮抗作用程度不同,并呈一定规律性变化     

模糊ISODATA聚类在矿山环境评价中的应用

矿山开采一方面繁荣了一方经济,另一方面也对生态环境造成了破坏和污染。被破坏和污染的矿山环境需要治理,治理的前提是如何适时监测和正确评价矿山环境。本文运用模糊数学中的模糊ISODATA聚类．建立模糊关系矩阵,使问题从地质变量空间向评语空间转换,通过对云南个旧某地区的废弃矿区土壤进行测试,应用该方法进行地质环境评价,提供了科学合理的治理依据。     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

储罐工艺变更管理中的HAZOP应用

采用危险与可操作性(HAZOP)方法分析了石脑油储罐废气排放系统工艺变更的危害因素,特别对废气排放系统的控制参数,给出了逆流、超温、超压、低压/真空等偏差的HAZOP分析结果,并针对高风险的偏差提出了相应的建议措施.     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.