浅论县(区)级环境监测站的现状和发展

本文分析了县（区）级环境监测站在我国加入WTO及政府机构改革后所存在的问题和面临的生存困难。指出当前该级别环境监测站存在的主要问题是缺乏管理，缺乏经费以及技术力量的逐步下降，在此基础上，文章提出了包括加强队伍建设，提高管理水平，进行标准化建设和实施QA／QC等诸多的合理化建设及良好的发展思路。     

捞鱼河口湖滨生态修复工程措施及成效

通过对呈贡县捞鱼河口湖滨生态修复工程实施前后的水质分析表明,CODCr、TP、TN、SS的去除率分别为71.1%、37.1%、63.5%、73.5%.初步实现了河道预处理和河口生态系统恢复双赢.     

沈阳细河流域土壤和作物中汞的潜在生态危害及健康风险评价

为研究沈阳市细河流域土壤汞(Hg)的污染和健康风险状况,对该区土壤和农作物中Hg的含量和分布进行了调查和分析。采用Hakanson潜在生态风险危害指数法评价土壤Hg的污染状况,并利用健康风险评价模型对Hg通过不同暴露途径所引起的健康风险作出评价。研究结果表明,细河流域土壤Hg的潜在生态危害相对较大,其中43.21%样品处于中等危害程度,26.62%属于强及以上风险级别。健康风险评价模型计算表明,人体经食物摄取是土壤Hg暴露的主要途径,Hg日平均暴露剂量依次为食物摄取呼吸暴露皮肤暴露;成人和儿童的非致癌危害指数分别为0.315和0.713,均低于风险阈值1,表明Hg不会对人体造成健康危害。     

Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitanium chloride

• Emerging titanium coagulation was high-efficient for algae-laden water treatment. • Polytitanium coagulation was capable for both algae and organic matter removal. • Surface water purification was improved by around 30% due to algae inclusion. • Algae functioned as flocculant aid to assist polytitanium coagulation. • Algae could enhance charge neutralization capability of polytitanium coagulant. Titanium-based coagulation has proved to be effective for algae-laden micro-polluted water purification processes. However, the influence of algae inclusion in surface water treatment by titanium coagulation is barely reported. This study reports the influence of both Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii in surface water during polytitanium coagulation. Jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulation performance using both algae-free (controlled) and algae-laden water samples, and floc properties were studied using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer for online monitoring. Results show that polytitanium coagulation can be highly effective in algae separation, removing up to 98% from surface water. Additionally, the presence of algae enhanced organic matter removal by up to 30% compared to controlled water containing only organic matter. Polytitanium coagulation achieved significant removal of fluorescent organic materials and organic matter with a wide range of molecular weight distribution (693–4945 Da) even in the presence of algae species in surface water. The presence of algae cells and/or algal organic matter is likely to function as an additional coagulant or flocculation aid, assisting polytitanium coagulation through adsorption and bridging effects. Although the dominant coagulation mechanisms with polytitanium coagulant were influenced by the coagulant dosage and initial solution pH, algae species in surface water could enhance the charge neutralization capability of the polytitanium coagulant. Algae-rich flocs were also more prone to breakage with strength factors approximately 10% lower than those of algae-free flocs. Loose structure of the flocs will require careful handling of the flocs during coagulation-sedimentation-filtration processes.     

医院COVID-19病区SARS-CoV-2病毒的环境污染及原因探讨

采用4种空气气溶胶采样器,在某收治新冠肺炎患者的传染病医院COVID-19病区采集空气气溶胶样本46份,其中1份样本中SARS-CoV-2呈弱阳性。用无菌拭子采集病区空调及通风系统表面灰尘样本12份,其中1份样本中SARS-CoV-2呈弱阳性。研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2存在于医院病区空气和部分通风系统物体表面,病毒有通过气溶胶短距离传播的风险,医护人员应加强个人防护,严格执行感染预防与控制措施,降低医院内部环境交叉感染的风险。     

Quantitative structure‐activity relationships of hydrophobic organic chemicals 1

Quantitative structure‐activity relationships of hydrophobic organic chemicals were studied based on equations we established. Results showed that observed toxicity of hydrophobic organic chemicals were correlated to two physical‐chemical parameters: reaction equilibrium constant of target molecule‐organic chemical; octanol/water partition coefficient. Regression results showed that the molecular connectivity index of first‐order was an ideal parameter instead of the equilibrium constant. Good relationships between toxicity data and the two parameters were found for three aquatic organisms with a wide range of chemicals.     

2020年全球生物多样性目标解读及其评估指标探讨

2010年以来,全球开展了讨论和咨询,确定世界生物多样性保护的路线图。2010年10月在日本召开的《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第十次会议通过了《生物多样性战略计划》（2011—2020年）。该战略计划确立了2020年全球生物多样性目标（简称2020年目标）,设计了世界生物多样性保护的路线图和时间表,为制定国家目标提供了灵活的框架。该文剖析了《生物多样性公约》各缔约方对2020年目标的谈判立场,解读了2020年目标的内涵,论述了2020年目标评估指标研究的最新进展,在进一步加强生物多样性评价指标研究、建设生物多样性监测标准和网络、开展生物多样性长期监测方面提出了建议。     

深圳冬季霾日的大气污染特征

2009年1月10日─2月16日,利用在线仪器获得深圳市冬季大气中气态污染物和PM₁主要化学组分的高时间分辨率数据,结合气象条件,对非霾日、霾日的大气污染物和PM₁主要化学组分浓度水平及其日变化特征进行了研究. 结果表明:深圳冬季霾日除O₃外,其他气态污染物和PM₁主要化学组分的平均质量浓度均明显高于非霾日,增幅均在40%以上;PM₁中的有机物是深圳冬季霾的首要污染因子;PM₁主要化学组分的日变化趋势不尽相同,但总体上表现出霾日高于非霾日的特征,尤其是午夜至清晨时段,这说明深圳冬季霾日的夜间大气扩散能力显著减弱.      

Birds defend oil palms from herbivorous insects.

Top-down forces are expected to be important in regulating herbivore populations in most agricultural systems where primary productivity is high and species diversity is low. Under such conditions, trophic cascades are predicted to occur when predator populations are reduced or removed. Studies on how predator removal indirectly affects herbivory rates in agricultural systems are lacking. Through a bird-exclosure experiment, I test the hypothesis that insectivorous birds indirectly defend oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) from herbivorous insects. Results show that bird exclusion significantly increased herbivory damage to oil palms, and that the size of this exclusion effect increased with bird density, although the latter result was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that insectivorous birds deliver a natural pest control service for oil palm agriculture, which is important not only for the direct benefits it delivers for human welfare, but also in strengthening the economic justifications for conserving the remaining natural habitats and biodiversity in agricultural landscapes.     

区域管制在实现国家资源安全过程中的作用研究

本文分析了国家资源安全的特点 ,提出区域管制是实现国家资源安全的重要手段。认为建立资源市场 ,对自然资源进行资产化管理 ,制定资源开发利用技术标准 ,实行资源开发许可审批制度 ,采取激励政策 ,建立安全押金制度是实现国家资源安全的重要途径