Latest precambrian (Cadomian) zircon ages, Nd isotopic systematics and P-T evolution of granitoid orthogneisses of the Erzgebirge, Saxony and Czech Republic

Single zircons from two orthogneiss complexes, the Grey Gneiss and Red Gneiss, the lowermost tectonic units in the Erzgebirge, were dated. The grey Freiberg Gneiss is of igneous origin and has a ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb emplacement age of 550±7 Ma. A quartz monzonite from Lauenstein contains idiomorphic zircons with a mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 555±7 Ma as well as xenocrysts ranging in age between 850 and 1910 Ma. Red gneisses from the central Erzgebirge contain complex zircon populations, including numerous xenocrysts up to 2464 Ma in age. The youngest, idiomorphic, zircons in all samples yielded uniform ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages between 550±9 and 554±10 Ma. Nd isotopic data support the interpretation of crustal anatexis for the origin of both units. _Nd(t) values for the grey gneisses are –7.5 and –6.0 respectively, (mean crustal residence ages of 1.7–1.8 Ga). The red gneisses have a wider range in _Nd(t) values from –7.7 to –2.8 (T _DM ages of 1.4–1.8 Ga). The zircon ages document a distinct late Proterozoic phase of granitoid magmatism, similar in age to granitoids in the Lusatian block farther north-east. However, Palaeozoic deformation as well as medium pressure metamorphism ( 8 kbar/600–650° C) are identical in both gneiss units and distinguish these rocks from the Lusatian granitoids. The grey and red gneisses were overthrust by units with abundant high-pressure relicts and a contrasting P-T evolution. Zircon xenocryst and Nd model ages in the range 1000–1700 Ma are similar to those in granitoid rocks of Lusatia and the West-Sudetes, and document a pre-Cadomian basement in parts of east-central Europe that, chronologically, has similarities with the Sveconorwegian domain in the Baltic Shield.     

氚水在模拟水稻田中的消长动力学

氚水在模拟水稻田中迁移，输运动态过程的研究表明，引入田水氚水，不仅在系统各隔室间转移和分配，而且也向系统外迅速地散逸，氚水的氚以自由水氚和结合态氚形式存在下水稻和土壤中，水稻地上部中自由水氚浓度开始增大，至第８天达最大值后便下降，而结合态氚基本上呈增中趋势，稻根中氚浓度低下地上部，表层土中二种形态氚随时间的变化与水稻植株中情况类似。     

海河流域土壤中氮的分布特征

对海河流域不同土壤类型中各形态氮的含量分布、水平及其垂直变化进行探讨,研究了在一定条件下土壤中氮的自然富集、增减途径、自然循环环境及分布特征,为研究该区氮的库存量、流通量以及自然循环奠定基础.     

Gro?forschung mit anderen Namen

Naturwissenschaften Aktuell

Großforschung mit anderen Namen     

柴油添加剂的研究——有机钡盐的消烟助燃作用

本文介绍一种以有机钡盐为主的复合型柴油添加剂,其主要成分是过氧化钡与环烷酸在焦化汽油中反应所生成的环烷酸钡。台架实验结果表明,该添加剂在柴油中添加量为0.5—1.5‰(重量,以钡计)时,取得了消烟率40.9—66.3％、节能0.36—4.42％的效果。行车试验也证明本添加剂具有优良的消烟节能作用,当添加量为1.0‰(重量,以钡计)时,平均消烟率为67.7％,节油5.21％。     

The ladybird<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Thalassa saginata</Emphasis>, an obligatory myrmecophile of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Dolichoderus bidens</Emphasis> ant colonies

The larvae and pupae of the ladybird Thalassa saginata develop inside colonies of the dolichoderine ant Dolichoderus bidens. This association is the first specific and obligatory relationship recorded between ants and ladybirds. The ants provide shelter and protection to the larvae but the diet of the latter remains unclear. The integration of T. saginata larvae into the ant colonies is achieved by mimicking the cuticular patterns of the ants brood. Moreover, the larvae secrete substances from their hairs and anal gland that are likely to enhance their attractiveness.     

Biomineralization in plants as a long-term carbon sink

Carbon sequestration in the global carbon cycle is almost always attributed to organic carbon storage alone, while soil mineral carbon is generally neglected. However, due to the longer residence time of mineral carbon in soils (10²–10⁶ years), if stored in large quantities it represents a potentially more efficient sink. The aim of this study is to estimate the mineral carbon accumulation due to the tropical iroko tree (Milicia excelsa) in Ivory Coast. The iroko tree has the ability to accumulate mineral carbon as calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) in ferralitic soils, where CaCO₃ is not expected to precipitate. An estimate of this accumulation was made by titrating carbonate from two characteristic soil profiles in the iroko environment and by identifying calcium (Ca) sources. The system is considered as a net carbon sink because carbonate accumulation involves only atmospheric CO₂ and Ca from Ca-carbonate-free sources. Around one ton of mineral carbon was found in and around an 80-year-old iroko stump, proving the existence of a mineral carbon sink related to the iroko ecosystem. Conservation of iroko trees and the many other biomineralizing plant species is crucial to the maintenance of this mineral carbon sink.     

郑州市固体废物现状及控制对策探讨

通过对基准年（１９９８年）郑州市固体废物污染现状调查及存在问题分析，预测了２０００～２０１５年固体废物的产生量，提出郑州市固体废物远景规划目标，并明确实现这一目标的污染控制对策及具体投资项目。     

吉林古陆成岩背景及边缘金构造-成矿系统

吉林克拉通广泛出露的粗粒黑云长英片麻岩是以英云闪长岩为主的TTG深成侵入体 ,原始岩浆来自幔源物质的部分熔融作用 ,同源岩浆不同演化阶段形成多种岩石类型 (Gnbd、GnblⅠ、GnblⅡ ) ,后经变质构成统一古陆。古陆隆升 ,边缘滑脱和裂解并接受元古宙地层沉积。层间滑动和韧性剪切达上地幔 ,使部分太古宙黑云长英片麻岩被卷进地层 ,幔源物质加入成矿。这使人们打破原层控金矿的认识 ,将整个古陆边缘金矿床统归于构造 -成矿系统 ,依构造动力学特征的不同划分为三类 :离散型陆缘构造 -成矿系统 ,以中型金矿和Fe、Al、P、B为主 ;会聚型陆缘构造 -成矿系统 ,以金矿化和Ni、Cr为主 ;走滑型陆缘构造 -成矿系统 ,以大型金矿和Cu、Pb、Zn为主 ,该系统有助于全面认识构造特征和矿床分布规律 ,为区域成矿预测和勘查提供科学依据。