Optimal model averaging by data perturbation for spatial noisy data

Geostatistical models play an important role in spatial data analysis, in which model selection is inevitable. Model selection methods, such as AIC and BIC, are popular for selecting appropriate models. In recent years, some model averaging methods, such as smoothed AIC and smoothed BIC, are also applied to spatial data models. However, the corresponding averaging estimators are outperformed by optimal model averaging estimators (Hansen in Econometrica 75:1175–1189, 2007) for the ordinary linear models. Therefore, this paper focuses on the optimal model averaging method for geostatistical models. We propose a weight choice criterion for the model averaging estimator on the basis of the generalized degrees of freedom and data perturbation technique. We further theoretically prove the resultant estimator is asymptotically optimal in terms of the mean squared error, and numerically demonstrate its satisfactory performance. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a mercury data set.     

Oil spill response capabilities and technologies for ice-covered Arctic marine waters: A review of recent developments and established practices

Renewed political and commercial interest in the resources of the Arctic, the reduction in the extent and thickness of sea ice, and the recent failings that led to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, have prompted industry and its regulatory agencies, governments, local communities and NGOs to look at all aspects of Arctic oil spill countermeasures with fresh eyes. This paper provides an overview of present oil spill response capabilities and technologies for ice-covered waters, as well as under potential future conditions driven by a changing climate. Though not an exhaustive review, we provide the key research results for oil spill response from knowledge accumulated over many decades, including significant review papers that have been prepared as well as results from recent laboratory tests, field programmes and modelling work. The three main areas covered by the review are as follows: oil weathering and modelling; oil detection and monitoring; and oil spill response techniques.     

Integrated process development for the recovery of Europium and Yttrium from waste fluorescent powder

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Fluorescent powder plays an important role in the modern electronic lighting products. During the production of electronic lighting products, a...     

氨基修饰介孔分子筛SBA-15对水中Pb~(2+)吸附性能

以二乙烯三胺基丙基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂,利用后修饰方法,制备出氨基修饰SBA-15。利用傅立叶红外光谱仪,N2-吸附脱附对样品结构进行表征,并讨论了吸附动力学特性及吸附等温特性。结果表明,修饰后的SBA-15吸附水中Pb2+时在120 min内可以达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合拟二阶动力学方程。Langmuir模型及Dubinin-Radushkevich(DR)模型很好地描述了Pb2+在修饰后SBA-15上的吸附行为,其中基于Langmuir模型计算得出的25℃时最大吸附量为84.25 mg/g。D-R模型计算得出的平均吸附自由能在25℃、35℃和45℃时分别为-13.9、-14.4和-16.0 kJ/mol,表明吸附可能属于表面络合作用,可以归为化学过程。     

一株高效广谱染料脱色菌脱色条件的优化

以模拟酸性大红3R染料废水为对象,在单因素实验基础上,选取温度、初始染料浓度、酵母粉浓度三因素为影响因子,以染料脱色率为响应值,利用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法研究了各因素对一株广谱型染料脱色菌株Enterobacter cloacae strain M3脱色效果的影响及各因素间交互作用,建立了二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,确定了菌株脱色酸性大红3R废水的优化条件。结果表明：回归方程极显著,拟合性好。最优脱色条件为温度36℃,染料浓度121.12 mg/L,酵母粉浓度1.99%,在此条件下,染料脱色率可达99.21%。经实验验证,实际值与模型预测值拟合良好,偏差仅为0.79%。     

黑臭底泥土著微生物促生对磷的影响

土著微生物促生是一项低成本高效率的河湖黑臭底泥原位修复技术,然而向底泥中投加药剂可能会影响上覆水水质。为探讨该技术对水环境的不利影响,实验研究了城市湖泊黑臭底泥修复过程中上覆水中磷浓度和底泥中磷含量及形态的变化。结果表明,在投药深度为泥面以下15 cm,微生物营养剂（BE）和生物解毒剂（MT）的投加量分别低于60mL/m3和70 mL/m3的条件下,上覆水总磷（TP）浓度低于地表水环境质量Ⅲ类（湖库类）标准值。投加微生物促生剂（BE和MT）导致上覆水磷含量升高,并促进了上覆水中藻类的增长。复配投加硝酸钙能减少上覆水中磷含量及藻类生物量,从而抑制微生物促生剂对上覆水磷浓度的影响。另外,投加微生物促生剂及硝酸钙到底泥中后,底泥磷含量以及磷形态组成的变化均不明显。     

污泥-秸秆基活性炭的制备及其对渗滤液COD的吸附

以市政污泥与玉米秸秆为原料,采用化学活化法热解制备污泥-秸秆基活性炭,研究其物化性质、热解动力学特性及对渗滤液中COD的吸附性能。考察吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和溶液p H对COD去除率的影响,并用吸附等温线对吸附数据进行了拟合。结果表明,秸秆比例越高,活性炭的吸附碘值和BET比表面积越大,最大可达663 mg/g和902 m2/g;活性炭表面呈不规则的多孔状;秸秆比例为45%的活性炭在最佳实验条件下对COD的吸附去除率为82%;活性炭对COD的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型。     

花生和油菜对重金属的积累及其成品油的安全性

土壤重金属污染日益严重,植物修复作为一种环境友好型的技术越来越受到关注.选取种植在郴州重金属污染土壤地区的花生和油菜2种油料作物,研究了重金属在这2种油料作物各部位的分布情况,再利用2种有机溶剂(正己烷和石油醚)对果实进行索氏萃取,探讨油中重金属的残留情况.结果表明,花生和油菜对重金属有一定的耐性和积累能力,花生根、茎、叶对重金属Pb、Cu、Cd积累性较强,其中Cd在根、茎、叶中的富集系数都高于4,为土壤本底值的5～6倍.花生红皮则对Cu表现出较强的富集能力,富集系数为3.30,浓度达到了358.26 mg/kg;油菜中重金属Zn、Cu、Cd在各部位的分布为:叶＞根＞果荚＞茎＞籽,说明油菜叶对Zn、Cu、Cd的积累能力更强.通过2种有机溶剂对花生果实和油菜籽进行萃取,结果发现,石油醚对花生油的萃取率高于正己烷,正己烷对油菜的萃取率大于石油醚,且花生和菜籽的毛油中重金属As和Pb的含量都符合国家《食用油卫生标准》GB2716-2005(≤0.1 mg/kg).     

Deodorization of Dimethyl Sulfide Using a Discharge Approach at Room Temperature

Abstract

The traditional technologies for odor removal of thiol usually create either secondary pollution for scrubbing, adsorption, and absorption processes, or sulfur (S) poisoning for catalytic incineration. This study applied a laboratory-scale radio-frequency plasma reactor to destructive percentage-grade concentrations of odorous dimethyl sulfide (CH₃SCH₃, or DMS). Odor was diminished effectively via reforming DMS into mainly carbon disulfide (CS₂) or sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The removal efficiencies of DMS elevated significantly with a lower feeding concentration of DMS or a higher applied rf power. A greater inlet oxygen (O₂)/DMS molar ratio slightly improved the removal efficiency. In an O₂-free environment, DMS was converted primarily to CS₂, methane (CH₄), acetylene (C₂H₂), ethylene (C₂H₄), and hydrogen (H₂), with traces of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH), and dimethyl disulfide. In an O₂-containing environment, the species detected were SO₂, CS₂, carbonyl sulfide, carbon dioxide (CO₂), CH₄, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, H₂, formal-dehyde, and methanol. Differences in yield of products were functions of the amounts of added O₂ and the applied power. This study provided useful information for gaining insight into the reaction pathways for the DMS dissociation and the formation of products in the plasmolysis and conversion processes.     

Microwave treatment of dairy manure for resource recovery: Reaction kinetics and energy analysis

A newly designed continuous-flow 915 MHz microwave wastewater treatment system was used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H₂O₂-AOP) for treating dairy manure. After the treatment, about 84% of total phosphorus and 45% of total chemical oxygen demand were solubilized with the highest H₂O₂ dosage (0.4% H₂O₂ per %TS). The reaction kinetics of soluble chemical oxygen demand revealed activation energy to be in the range of 5–22 kJ mole^?1. The energy required by the processes was approximately 0.16 kWh per liter of dairy manure heated. A higher H₂O₂ dosage used in the system had a better process performance in terms of solids solubilization, reaction kinetics, and energy consumption. Cost-benefit analysis for a farm-scale MW/H₂O₂-AOP treatment system was also presented. The results obtained from this study would provide the basic knowledge for designing an effective farm-scale dairy manure treatment system.