芳香族化合物的生物降解途径

分析了以苯、甲苯、萘和联苯为代表的芳香族化合物的生物降解途径,发现其共同点都是经过两步加氧酶作用生成二醇,最后再开环;介绍了苯、甲苯、萘和联苯这几种芳香族化合物分解酶的组分、相对分子质量及其辅基。     

硅酸盐、腐殖酸对Cr污染土壤中小白菜生理及吸铬量的影响

针对在铬污染区土壤中的叶菜类吸铬量是果菜类2~3倍,以及硅酸盐或腐植酸在重金属污染土壤上的最佳施用量研究较少的问题,为保障蔬菜的品质安全,文章通过土壤盆栽试验,研究硅酸盐、腐殖酸不同用量对Cr污染土壤中小白菜(Brassica Chinensis)生理指标和吸铬量的影响.结果表明,施低质量分数的硅酸盐(1.0 g·kg-1)效果最佳,既能提高受Cr污染小白菜的生物量、叶绿素相对含量,又能减轻Cr毒害对抗氧化酶系统中SOD酶活性的抑制,缓解小白菜受到的过氧化胁迫,有效降低小白菜吸铬量;高质量分数硅酸盐(2.0 g·kg-1)对生长产生抑制.腐殖酸在设计的3个质量分数水平上均不能有效降低小白菜吸铬量,对生长的促进作用也不明显.     

Estimating non-native plant richness with a species-accumulation model along roads

Monitoring non-native plant richness is important for biodiversity conservation and scientific research. The species-area model (SA model) has been used frequently to estimate the total species richness within a region. However, the conventional SA model may not provide robust estimations of non-native plant richness because the ecological processes associated with the accumulation of exotic and native plants may differ. Because roads strongly dictate the distributions of exotic plants, we propose a species-accumulation model along roads (SR model), rather than an SA model, to estimate the non-native plant richness within a region. Using 270 simulated data sets, we compared the differences in performance between the SR and SA models. A decision tree based on prediction accuracy was created to guide model application, which was validated using field data from 3 national nature reserves in 3 different provinces in China. The SR model significantly outperformed the SA model when non-native species were restricted to the roadsides and the proportion of uncommon exotic species was small. More importantly, the SR model accurately estimated the non-native plant richness in all field sites with an error of <1 species per site. We believe our new model meets the practical need to efficiently and robustly estimate non-native plant richness, which may facilitate effective biodiversity conservations and promote research on non-native plant invasion and vegetation dynamics.     

Hierarchical collagen fibers complexed with tannic acid and Fe3+ as a heterogeneous catalyst for enhancing sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Efficient sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) are important for treating organic contaminants of industrial wastewater. To...     

Construction and comparison of fluorescence and bioluminescence bacterial biosensors for the detection of bioavailable toluene and related compounds

Environmental pollution with petroleum products such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) has garnered increasing awareness because of its serious consequences for human health and the environment. We have constructed toluene bacterial biosensors comprised of two reporter genes, gfp and luxCDABE, characterized by green fluorescence and luminescence, respectively, and compared their abilities to detect bioavailable toluene and related compounds. The bacterial luminescence biosensor allowed faster and more-sensitive detection of toluene; the fluorescence biosensor strain was much more stable and thus more applicable for long-term exposure. Both luminescence and fluorescence biosensors were field-tested to measure the relative bioavailability of BTEX in contaminated groundwater and soil samples. The estimated BTEX concentrations determined by the luminescence and fluorescence bacterial biosensors were closely comparable to each other. Our results demonstrate that both bacterial luminescence and fluorescence biosensors are useful in determining the presence and the bioavailable fractions of BTEX in the environment.     

桉树速生林基地生态环境影响原因浅析

通过对桉树速生林基地的生态调查及监测,分析得出以前我国桉树速生林普遍存在地力衰退的问题,导致土壤肥力下降及目前桉树人工林地力衰退已经得到根本性的逆转的主要原因。速生林基地种植的桉树林林下植被与林缘、林外植被没有显著不同,特别是与桉树林地块相近的稀疏马尾松林林下植被以及荒坡植被相比,无论从植被覆盖度、植物种类、高度等看都呈现出增高、增多的趋势,而广东雨量丰富,桉树能同绝大部分林下植物共生。     

Forecasting industrial water demand in Huaihe River Basin due to environmental changes

A framework is proposed for forecasting industrial water demand in the context of climate change, economic growth, and technological development. The framework was tested in five sub-basins of Huaihe River of China, namely Upstream of Huaihe River (UH), Middlestream of Huaihe River (MH), Downstream of Huaihe River (DH), Yishusi River (YSSR), and Coastal River of Shandong Peninsula (CSP) to project future changes in industrial water demand under different environment change scenarios. Results showed that industrial water demand in Huaihe River basin will increase in the range of 10 to 44.6% due to economic development, water-saving technological advances, and climate change. The highest increase was projected by general circulation model (GCM) BCC-CSM1–1 (179.16 × 108 m³) and the lowest by GCM GISS-E2-R (132.4 × 10⁸ m³) in 2020, while the GCM BNU-ESM projected the highest increase (190.57 × 10⁸ m³) and GCM CNRM-CM5 the lowest (160.41 × 10⁸ m³) in 2030. Among the different sub-basins, the highest increase was projected in MH sub-basin where industrial water demand is already very high. On the other hand, the lowest increase in industrial water demand was projected in UH sub-basin. The rapid growth of high water-consuming industries and increased water demand for cooling due to temperature rise are the major causes of the sharp increase in industrial water demand in the basin. The framework developed in the study can be used for reliable forecasting of industrial water demand which in turn can help in selection of an appropriate water management strategy for adaptation to global environmental changes.     

从剖面上晶屑含量变化探讨火山灰流凝灰岩火山爆发的机制

处于重力稳定状态的岩浆房要产生喷发作用，其可能的躯动力有两种：其一是开放体系岩浆房的下部岩浆脉冲补给使岩浆房体积膨胀，产生可克服上覆围岩强度的超压；其二是封闭岩浆房中的结晶作用，导致挥发组分出溶、体积膨胀而产生克服上覆围岩强度的超压。本文通过对江西广丰地区中生代火山灰流相凝灰岩研究认为，这两种可能的火山喷发机制可通过剖面上晶屑含量与岩石地球化学成分的对应变化关系来识别，前者为晶屑含量呈递增的喷发韵律，而化学成分无明显变化，后者则晶屑含量呈快速递减的喷发韵律，化学成分变化较大。这两种机制的识别，对于预测现代活火山喷发周期，分析古火山活动阶段有重要的意义。     

炼厂罐区排气减排及集中收集设计

在对储罐排气达标治理时,首先需要采用源头减排措施,减少储罐排气量。在此基础上,核算储罐排气量、吸气量及安全承压等,设计合理的储罐氮气保护系统、储罐排气集中收集系统、罐区排气压力控制系统,实现储罐排气密闭收集和罐区安全稳定运行。某炼油厂储运部21台储罐在正常工况时其大呼吸和小呼吸最大吸气量为876m3/h;但当遇暴雨时,罐区瞬时最大吸气量为2760m3/h,以0.6MPa氮气为补氮源,补氮总管管径需设计为DN100;该罐区最大排气量876m3/h,为了满足储罐排气安全输送,排气收集总管管径需设计为DN200。以混合二甲苯储罐为例,核算了储罐的承压压力、呼吸阀工作压力等,设置储罐排气操作压力范围为600~1200Pa、补氮操作压力范围为200~500Pa。