上海市大气细菌污染研究

采用平皿沉降法对上海市６个采用点的大气细菌，进行了为期一年的监测，并进行了菌株鉴定和影响因素的研究分析，结果表明，上海市全年大气细菌数量变化曲线呈双峰型；空气中优势菌群为：微球菌属，葡萄球菌属，奈瑟氏菌属，干燥棒状杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属等。     

典型工业无组织源VOCs排放特征

选取制药厂、酿酒厂和橡胶厂分析了不同工艺过程VOCs排放特征.结果表明,制药厂安乃近合成和氨基比林合成的VOCs排放以苯、甲苯和苯乙烯等苯系物为主,乙酰氨基酚合成的VOCs排放主要以C4～C6的烷烃为主,酿酒厂和橡胶厂VOCs排放均以甲苯、乙苯和间,对二甲苯为主.采用最大增量反应活性法对臭氧生成潜势进行分析,制药厂安乃近合成和氨基比林合成VOCs单位臭氧生成潜势以苯、甲苯等苯系物为主;乙酰氨基酚合成以顺-2-丁烯、甲苯和异戊烷为主;酿酒厂、橡胶厂以甲苯、乙苯、间,对二甲苯为主.同时采用阈稀释倍数对VOCs进行恶臭分析,制药厂和酒厂无组织排放VOCs恶臭污染程度较轻,橡胶厂的伸缩装置车间和硫化车间的无组织VOCs排放存在一定程度的恶臭污染.     

“污泥+生物质”混合厌氧消化分类管理研究

污泥单独厌氧消化困难,产气量低,能量回收价值低.但“污泥+生物质”混合厌氧消化能够改善物料间的营养平衡,运行更平稳,既有效处理污泥,又能够提高甲烷产气量,更适合生产实际,符合行业发展趋势.分析了安阳市四家污水处理厂脱水污泥的重金属含量,依据土地利用限值标准,结合生产实际,把安阳市四个污水处理厂脱水污泥分类,分类混合厌氧消化处理后分类土地利用,既提高了污泥的土地利用,更强化了污泥土地利用的重金属管理.     

脂多糖诱发生物体内合成NO_2~－和胺类化合物的研究

脂多糖诱发生物体内合成ＮＯ_２~－和胺类化合物的研究宋秀贤，赵海涛，金秀兰许后效，林继红，陆德培（中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京，１０００８５）关键词亚硝酸根；胺类化合物；生物合成；脂多糖．一些研究已经证明Ｎ－亚硝基化合物（ＮＯＣ）对动物存在致癌性￣...     

Enhanced struvite recovery from wastewater using a novel cone-inserted fluidized bed reactor

The feasibility of struvite recovery at low （12.5 mg/L） and high （120 mg[L） phosphorus concentrations was studied by constructing a novel fluidized bed reactor with cones （FBRwc） and without cones （FBRwoc）. The crystallization process was continuously operated for 133 days under different hydraulic retention times （HRT = 1-10 hr）, pH （7.5-10）, and molar ratios of Mg/P （0.75-1.75）, N/P （1-10） and Ca/Mg （0-2）. The optimum operating conditions of HRT, pH, Mg/P and N/P molar ratios were found to be 2 hr, 9, 1.25, and 7.5, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, the phosphorus precipitation efficiencies of FBRwc were 93% for low and 98% for high phosphorus influent; however, the efficiencies were 78% and 81% for FBRwoc, respectively. Due to crystal losses at each junction （17%-31%）, the crystal recovery efficiency of FBRwoc was relatively low （47%-65%） for both influent concentrations. However, the losses were minimal in FBRwc, which showed 75% and 92% crystal recovery for low and high phosphorus concentrations, respectively. At low calcium concentration, crystal chemical analysis showed the product to be pure struvite （〉 99%）. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction results further confirmed that the crystal recovered from FBRwc contained pure struvite, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer. Except HRT, all parameters （pH, Mg/P, N/P and Ca/Mg） were found to be influencing factors for FBRwc performance. Overall, inserting cones in each part of the reactor played a significant role in enhancing struvite recovery from a wide range of phosphorus-containing wastewater.     

钦州湾内湾茅尾海营养状况分析与评价研究

根据2011年-2012年茅尾海水质监测调查资料分析其营养特征,结果显示:茅尾海总体处于中度富营养状态,时空差异较为明显,以夏季最为严重,从湾顶河口往南部湾口减轻.有机污染等级为轻至中度,空间分布与富营养状况相似.水体盐度以湾顶河口区域向中南部呈梯度递增,与富营养化指数(EI)、有机污染指数(AI)、化学需氧量(COD)、亚硝酸盐(NH2-N)、硝酸盐(NO3-N)、铵盐(NH4-N)、溶解态无机氮(DIN)呈显著负相关,表明湾顶钦江、茅岭江的入海污染是茅尾海富营养和有机污染的主要物质来源,其径流输入与外湾潮流运动综合作用对茅尾海营养分布特征具有控制作用.茅尾海丰、枯水期氮磷比分别为60、18,丰、平水期均以磷营养限制为主,茅岭江是该海湾溶解态无机磷(DIP)的主要贡献者.DIP与盐度、EI、AI相关性不显著,对富营养和有机污染程度的贡献相比COD、DIN较为有限.     

融雪剂对环境的影响及保护对策

融雪剂是清除道路积雪的有效方法,而融雪剂对生态环境造成的危害是当今世界头痛的问题之一。本文综述了融雪剂的特征、融雪原理、融雪剂成分、应用现状以及融雪剂对生态环境的危害。对融雪剂未来的研究和应用提出了建议。     

好氧填埋技术对渗滤液水质变化的影响

垃圾填埋场产生大量渗滤液,而一般厌氧型填埋场产生渗滤液中含有很高浓度的有机物。因此,渗滤液成为填埋场的难题。通过试验模拟垃圾的好氧填埋过程,并在此过程中对垃圾产生渗滤液中的COD、BOD5和NH 4+-N进行连续监测,通过试验初步得出:在好氧填埋条件下,垃圾堆体产生渗滤液中有机物和NH 4+-N浓度得到较大程度降低。渗滤液中COD、BOD5和NH 4+-N的降解率分别高达98.99%、99.94%和99.78%。     

沿海钢结构设施的防腐研究

针对沿海钢结构设施的腐蚀情况及目前常用防腐涂料的性能,优选了3种重防腐涂料——环氧富锌底漆、环氧玻璃鳞片中间漆、聚氨酯面漆。讨论了环氧树脂、锌粉、玻璃鳞片、聚氨酯改性树脂的选择方法,并提出了适合涂料涂装的表面处理技术和施工工艺。     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 containing anatase nanoparticles and rutile nanoflower structure consisting of nanorods

A series of TiO2 with different crystal phases and morphologies was synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process using titanium nbutoxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid as raw materials. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. On the basis of detailed analysis of the characterizing results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, it was concluded that the photo-activity of the catalyst is related directly to the 3D morphology and the crystal phase composition. An excellent catalyst should have both a futile 3D flower-like structure and anatase granulous particles. The 3D flower-like structure could enhance light harvesting, as well as the transfer of reactant molecules from bulk solution to the reactive sites on TiO2. In addition, the optimum anatase/rutile phase ratio was found to be 80：20, which is beneficial to the effective separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs.