Dosing low-level ferrous iron in coagulation enhances the removal of micropollutants, chlorite and chlorate during advanced water treatment

Drinking water utilities are interested in upgrading their treatment facilities to enhance micropollutant removal and byproduct control. Pre-oxidation by chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) followed by coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is one of the promising solutions. However, the chlorite (ClO₂^–) formed from the ClO₂ pre-oxidation stage cannot be removed by the conventional coagulation process using aluminum sulfate. ClO₂^– negatively affects the post-UV/chlorine process due to its strong radical scavenging effect, and it also enhances the formation of chlorate (ClO₃^–). In this study, dosing micromolar-level ferrous iron (Fe(II)) into aluminum-based coagulants was proposed to eliminate the ClO₂^– generated from ClO₂ pre-oxidation and benefit the post-UV/chlorine process in radical production and ClO₃^– reduction. Results showed that the addition of 52.1-µmol/L FeSO₄ effectively eliminated the ClO₂^– generated from the pre-oxidation using 1.0 mg/L (14.8 µmol/L) of ClO₂. Reduction of ClO₂^– increased the degradation rate constant of a model micropollutant (carbamazepine) by 55.0% in the post-UV/chlorine process. The enhanced degradation was verified to be attributed to the increased steady-state concentrations of HO^· and ClO^· by Fe(II) addition. Moreover, Fe(II) addition also decreased the ClO₃^– formation by 53.8% in the UV/chlorine process and its impact on the formation of chloro-organic byproducts was rather minor. The findings demonstrated a promising strategy to improve the drinking water quality and safety by adding low-level Fe(II) in coagulation in an advanced drinking water treatment train.     

Assessing microbial and chemical exposure risks of Giardia in indoor swimming pool water disinfected by chlorine

Swimming pools adopt chlorination to ensure microbial safety. Giardia has attracted attention in swimming pool water because of its occurrence, pathogenicity, and chlorine resistance. To control Giardia concentrations in pool water and reduce the microbial risk, higher chlorine doses are required during disinfection. Unfortunately, this process produces carcinogenic disinfection byproducts that increase the risk of chemical exposure. Therefore, quantitatively evaluating the comparative microbial...     

Arsenic redox transformation by Pseudomonas sp. HN-2 isolated from arsenic-contaminated soil in Hunan, China

A mesophilic,Gram-negative,arsenite[As(Ⅲ)]-oxidizing and arsenate[As(V)]-reducing bacterial strain,Pseudomonas sp.HN-2,was isolated from an As-contaminated soil.Phylogenetic analysis based on 16 S r RNA gene sequencing indicated that the strain was closely related to Pseudomonas stutzeri.Under aerobic conditions,this strain oxidized 92.0%(61.4 μmol/L) of arsenite to arsenate within 3 hr of incubation.Reduction of As(V) to As(Ⅲ) occurred in anoxic conditions.Pseudomonas sp.HN-2 is among the first soil bacteria shown to be capable of both aerobic As(Ⅲ) oxidation and anoxic As(V) reduction.The strain,as an efficient As(Ⅲ) oxidizer and As(V) reducer in Pseudomonas,has the potential to impact arsenic mobility in both anoxic and aerobic environments,and has potential application in As remediation processes.     

Arsenic and chromate removal from water by iron chips-Effects of anions

The purpose of this study is to estimate the removal efficiency of As and Cr (VI) by one kind of industrial waste — iron chips, as well as to estimate the effects of typical inorganic anions (sulfate, phosphate, and nitrate), and typical organic anions (citrate, oxalate, and humate) on As or Cr (VI) removal. The results showed that 98% of As (V) and 92% of As (III) could be removed from aqueous phase by the iron chips within 60 min. Compared with As species, Cr (VI) was removed much more rapidly and efficiently with 97% of Cr (VI) being removed within 25 min. The removal efficiency for arsenic was in the order: As (III) (sulfate), As (III) (nitrate) or As (III), As (III) (humate), As (III) (oxalate), As (III) (citrate), As (III) (phosphate), and for chromate was in the order: Cr (VI) (sulfate), Cr (VI) (phosphate) or Cr (VI) (nitrate) or Cr (VI) (oxalate), Cr (VI), Cr (VI) (citrate), Cr (VI) (humate). In all the treatments, pH level increased with time except for As (III), the removal of which was either without anions or in the presence of humate or nitrate.     

人工湿地去除氨氮机理及影响因素研究

人工湿地的脱氮主要是通过水生植物吸收、微生物的硝化和反硝化以及氮的挥发等途径来实现的,微生物的硝化与反硝化是主要的脱氮机制。人工湿地去除氨氮的影响因素很多,不仅受到基质、微生物和水生植物这3种人工湿地构成要素的影响,还受到溶解氧(DO)、pH和温度的影响,改善这些影响因素从而达到良好的脱除氨氮效果。最后对人工湿地基质吸附饱和后再生处理问题进行了探讨。     

煤矿酸性矿井水的形成及主要处理技术

酸性矿井水是煤矿区环境地质灾害的一种重要类型。煤矿酸性矿井水是煤矿开采中由于硫铁矿与空气、水接触,在微生物作用下经过一系列地球化学反应产生的一种危害矿井生产、破坏生态环境的有害矿井排水。文章首先分析了酸性矿井水的形成机理,然后从酸性矿井水的危害入手,分析评价酸性矿井水各种处理方法的优缺点,并对酸性矿井水的处理技术进行总结,最后展望酸性矿井水处理的未来发展方向。     

多孔混凝土及其在生态护坡工程中的应用

多孔混凝土具有连续孔隙,空隙率约为15%～30%,具有良好的透水性和透气性。多孔混凝土生态护坡技术是一种新型的绿色生态型护坡技术,融合建筑材料、生态工程和环境工程等多门学科,集水土保持、生态修复于一体,实现了水利工程护坡技术和生态环境修复技术的完美统一。     

大学校园土壤中重金属污染研究

为研究大学校园土壤中重金属污染的状况,在西部某高校校园中选取10个采样点,分别采集了表层和下层土样,分析测定了土样中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr四种重金属的含量。实验采用了微波消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法对土样进行测定。结果表明待测校园土壤中重金属含量目前处于安全的范围,但大学,尤其是高等科研院校,应妥善处理科研试验过程中产生的污染物,为大学学生提供一个安全的大学校园环境。     

基于GIS的太原市街道机动车污染物空间分布特征分析

在研究太原市机动车污染现状的基础上,结合太原市机动车排放因子模型Mob ile6和污染物扩散模型OSPM的计算结果,在G IS平台上绘制了太原市冬夏两季道路机动车污染物排放强度分布图和道路交通污染物浓度分布图,并对可视化结果作了科学的分析,研究结果表明：（1）太原市冬季街道污染总体上要高于夏季,这种趋势以CO的表现尤为明显;（2）街道NOX小时浓度超标率比CO小时浓度超标率更高,在研究的56条路段中,CO小时浓度都没有超过国家二级标准,NOX小时浓度超标率达38.9%（夏季）;（3）NOX污染主要集中在中心区,而建成区周边道路某些路段污染也较严重。     

上海港船舶大气污染物排放清单研究

建立可靠的船舶排放清单不仅是大气环境科学领域对船舶排放影响进行定量研究的重要基础,也是管理部门制定污染减排措施和政策的重要依据.以常规大气污染物和温室气体为研究对象,采用由下而上的动力法对进出上海港船舶排放进行了研究.通过对上海港船舶进出签证数、船舶种类、吨位分布、运行工况、排放因子和燃油校正因子等多要素开展调查和分析,获得了上海港外港和内河9种船种和4种运行工况条件下大气污染物和温室气体排放总量,并结合船舶自动识别系统(AIS)确定了1 km×1 km网格精度的大气污染物和温室气体的排放空间分布.结果表明:2010年,上海港船舶排放PM100.46万t,PM2.5 0.37万t,柴油颗粒物(DPM)0.44万t,NOx5.73万t,SOx3.54万t,CO 0.49万t,碳氧化合物(HC)0.21万t;排放温室气体CO2 288.55万t,N2O 0.01万t,Cn4 0.004万t.与全市排放清单总量相比,上海港船舶排放对SO2、NOx和PM2.5的排放影响最为显著,分担率分别达到12.0％、9.0％和5.3％.其中,以远洋船为首要来源,其排放量对全市排放清单的分担率分别为12.0％、8.4％和5.1％.