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961.
Spatial distribution of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers in the littoral buffer zone of a nitrogen-rich lake 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yu Wang Guibing Zhu Lei Ye Xiaojuan Feng Huub J. M. Op den Camp Chengqing Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):790-799
The spatial distribution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOA and AOB) were evaluated targeting amoA genes in the gradient of a littoral buffer zone which has been identified as a hot spot for N cycling. Here we found high spatial heterogeneity in the nitrification rate and abundance of ammonia oxidizers in the five sampling sites. The bacterial amoA gene was numerically dominant in most of the surface soil but decreased dramatically in deep layers. Higher nitrification potentials were detected in two sites near the land/water interface at 4.4-6.1 μg NO2--N/(g dry weight soil·hr), while only 1.0-1.7 μg NO2--N/(g dry weight soil·hr) was measured at other sites. The potential nitrification rates were proportional to the amoA gene abundance for AOB, but with no significant correlation with AOA. The NH4 + concentration was the most determinative parameter for the abundance of AOB and potential nitrification rates in this study. Higher richness in the surface layer was found in the analysis of biodiversity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the bacterial amoA sequences in surface soil were affiliated with the genus of Nitrosopira while the archaeal sequences were almost equally affiliated with Candidatus ‘Nitrososphaera gargensis’ and Candidatus ‘Nitrosocaldus yellowstonii’. The spatial distribution of AOA and AOB indicated that bacteria may play a more important role in nitrification in the littoral buffer zone of a N-rich lake. 相似文献
962.
N-acyl-homoserines quenching, enzymatic quenching of bacterial quorum sensing, has recently applied to mitigate biofilm in membrane bioreactor. However, the effect of AHLs on the behavior of biofilm formation is still sparse. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm was formed on ultra-filtration membrane under a series of N-(3-oxooxtanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (C8-oxo-HSL) concentrations. Diffusing C8-oxo-HSL increased the growth rate of cells on biofilm where the concentration of C8-oxo-HSL was over 10-7 g/L. The C8-oxo-HSL gradient had no observable influence on cell density and extracellular polymeric substances of biofilm with over 10-7 g/L C8-oxo-HSL. Surprisingly, 10-11-10-8 g/L of C8-oxo-HSL had no effect on cell growth in liquid culture. The cell analysis demonstrated that the quorum sensing system might enhance the growth of neighboring cells in contact with surfaces into biofilm and may influence the structure and organization of biofilm. 相似文献
963.
Cloning and expression of the first gene for biodegrading microcystin LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05
Hai Yan Huasheng Wang Junfeng Wang Chunhua Yin Song M Xiaolu Liu Xueyao Yin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(10):1816-1822
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are a growing environmental problem worldwide in natural waters, the biodegradation is found to be the most efficient method for removing microcystins (MCs) produced by harmful cyanobacteria. Based on the isolation of a promising bacterial strain of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 for biodegrading MCs, we for the first time cloned and expressed a gene USTB-05-A (HM245411) that is responsible for the first step in the biodegradation of microcystin LR (MC-LR) in E. coli DH5αup, with a cloning vector of pGEM-T easy and an expression vector of pGEX-4T-1, respectively. The cell-free extracts (CE) of recombinant E. coli DH5αup containing USTB-05-A had high activity for biodegrading MC-LR. The initial MC-LR concentration of 40 mg/L was completely biodegraded within 1 hr in the presence of CE with a protein concentration of 0.35 mg/mL. Based on an analysis of the liquid chromatogram-mass spectrum (LC-MS), the enzyme encoded by gene USTB-05-A was found to be active in cleaving the target peptide bond between 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6, 8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-deca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda) and arginine of MC-LR, and converting cyclic MC-LR to linear MC-LR as a first product that is much less toxic than parent MC-LR, which offered direct evidence for the first step on the pathway of MC-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05. 相似文献
964.
Contamination by persistent toxic substances in surface sediment of urban rivers in Chaohu City, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The concentration and spatial distribution of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in the river sediment in Chaohu City, China were investigated. A total of nine surface sediments were collected and the selected PTS pollutants including six heavy metals and nineteen polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed. The mean heavy metal concentrations (in mg/kg, dry weight) ranged within 0.18-1.53 (Hg), 50.08-200.18 (Cu), 118.70-313.65 (Zn), 50.77-310.85 (Cr), 37.12-92.72 (Pb) and 13.29-197.24 (As), and Cu, Zn and As have been regarded as the main metal pollutants. The levels of PBDEs (1.2-12.1 ng/g) and BDE-209 (2.4-30.5 ng/g) were at the middle level of the global range. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (67.0%-85.7%), which agrees with the fact that technical deca-BDE mixtures are the dominant PBDE formulation in China. The relative high level of PTS pollutants in the western part of the city is probably owing to the intensive agricultural activities and lack of sewerage system there. The ecological risk assessment with the sediment quality guidelines (SOGs) indicates that the urban river sediments in the city have been heavily contaminated by heavy metals with probable ecotoxicological impacts on freshwater organisms and the main toxic pollutants are Hg and As. The results of current study imply that the city, and perhaps many other small cities in China as well, requires immediate pollution control measures with emphasis on not only conventional organic pollutants but also on PTS such as heavy metals and PBDEs. 相似文献
965.
966.
Spatial and temporal variability of agricultural pollutants in an agricultural headwater stream within a multipond system, southeastern China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and suspended solids were investigated for two years in a 1.8 km agricultural headwater stream, located by Chaohu Lake, southeastern China. The stream form was greatly modified by human activities into channelized, pond and estuary shapes. The stream could be divided into 4 channelized reaches(1.3 km), a pond reach(0.15 km) and 3 estuary reaches(0.36 km). It was found that nutrients and TSS concentrations in the stream showed temporal variability, and higher concentrations occurred in months with high precipitation and intensive agricultural activities. And, retention of total nitrogen ( TN ), nitrate ( NO3-N ),ammonium( NH4^ -N) and total suspended solids (TSS) predominantly occurred in the pond reach and estuary reaches with larger width and low current velocity. Pollutants retained in these reaches accounted for more than 50% of those retained in whole stream. The retention mostly happened in the rain-runoff events and it was 7 to 27 times than that in base flow. The results showed that the channelized reach was the most important source for pollutants release under either runoff or base flow, and its release accounted for more than 90% of whole stream release.There was a high spatial variability of nutrients retention in different channelized reaches. The channelized reach directly discharging into the pond did always retain nutrients and TSS under base flow and runoff conditions, whereas the other channelized reaches performed differently in different hydrological conditions. The high spatial and temporal variability of nutrients and TSS in the stream indicated that anthropogenic disturbance of the agricultural headwater stream, such as channelization and excavation, would be expected to decrease the capacity of nutrients retention in the stream. 相似文献
967.
Hanqing Fan Yuxuan Huang Ngai Yin Yip 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(2):25
968.
Yin Liu Matthias C. Rillig Quan Liu Jingjing Huang Muhammad Amjad Khan Xiaohui Li Qin Liu Qingqing Wang Xuesong Su Linyi Lin Yang Bai Genmao Guo Yi Huang Yong Sik Ok Shan Hu Junfeng Wang Honggang Ni Qing Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(9):110
969.
基于GIS的上海浦东新区暴雨内涝灾害危险性分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
以上海市浦东新区为例,在修正已有的城市高程模型基础上,结合美国水土保持局SCS水文模型、降雨及排水因素,利用GIS栅格空间分析技术模拟了重现期5年、20年、50年、100年、200年、500年6种暴雨内涝灾害情景下的淹没深度和范围,并以街道(镇)为研究单元对上海浦东新区进行了暴雨内涝危险性评价。结果表明:5年一遇,全集中在0~0.2m;20年一遇,全集中在0~0.2m和0.2~0.6m;50年一遇和100年一遇,主要集中于0.2~0.6m,在此区间内淹没面积各占83.7%和70.8%;200年一遇和500年一遇,主要集中在大于0.6m的范围内,在此区间内淹没面积各占60.1%和66.5%。 相似文献
970.