长江口滨岸带潮滩沉积物中菲的吸附特征

以菲为多环芳烃的代表物,对长江口滨岸带潮滩沉积物进行吸附实验,并研究不同盐度、营养盐和温度条件下和不同沉积物组分对吸附的影响.结果表明,Freundlich吸附等温线能较好的拟合实验值,其KFr值与各样点TOC含量变化趋势一致,而非线性特征随样品TOC含量升高及吸附能力的增强而降低.盐度对吸附略有影响,而对于TOC含量...     

An overview of reclaimed water reuse in China

China is facing severe water problems including scarcity and pollution which are now becoming key factors restricting developments. Creating an alternative water resource and reducing effluent discharges, water reuse has been recognized as an integral part of water and wastewater management scheme in China. The government has launched nationwide efforts to optimize the benefits of utilizing reclaimed water. This article reviewed the water reuse activities in China, including: (1) application history and current status; (2) potentials of reclaimed water reuse; (3) laws, policies and regulations governing reclaimed water reuse; (4) risks associated with reclaimed water reuse; (5) issues in reclaimed water reuse. Reclaimed water in Beijing and Tianjin were given as examples. Suggestions for improving the efficiencies of reusing urban wastewater were advanced. Being the largest user of reclaimed wastewater in the world, China's experience can benefit the development of water reuse in other regions.     

提高矿井通风经济性和稳定性的方法

在矿井通风中,主扇以固定的最大的容量运行时,将会导致能量的巨大浪费,本文针对采矿工作面有毒有害气体在一天内浓度大小变化不同,提出用变频电机来减少主通风机(主扇)的能量消耗,使主通风机高效运行,提高通风系统的稳定性、安全性、经济性.     

磷酸铵镁热解产物循环沉氨技术进展研究

化学药剂费用过高以及磷酸盐元素的消耗和化学污泥的利用问题是阻碍磷酸铵镁结晶技术应用推广的难题之一,磷酸铵镁热解产物循环技术可解决上述难题.本文叙述了磷酸铵镁热解产物沉氨机理,磷酸铵镁热解影响因素以及热解产物沉氨过程中的影响因素及机理;并阐述了磷酸铵镁热解产物循环过程中带来的新的问题以及可能的解决方法.     

京津冀重霾期间PM_(2.5)来源数值模拟研究

厘清PM2.5的来源是开展重霾污染防治的前提条件.本研究利用嵌套网格空气质量预报模式系统(NAQPMS)及其耦合的污染来源追踪技术,针对2013年1月我国中东部的重霾污染过程,定量模拟分析京津冀各城市PM2.5浓度的来源和相互贡献.研究结果表明,NAQPMS模式能够合理反映京津冀不同城市PM2.5浓度的变化特征.京津冀各城市近地面PM2.5浓度主要受本地排放影响,本地贡献率介于29.8%~63.7%.而800 m高空层各城市PM2.5浓度以外来贡献为主(69.3%~86.3%).在污染最严重的东南部地区(包括邢台、邯郸、沧州和衡水),PM2.5浓度受区域外的山东和河南的显著影响,贡献率可达25.2%~31.5%.因此,在京津冀区域内进行协同减排控制的同时,需进一步将山东、河南等省份纳入联防联控范围,才能有效防控重霾污染.     

10kV输电线路抱箍断裂事故原因分析

针对10 kV输电线路运行中发生的抱箍断裂事故,采取宏观检查、化学成分、金相组织、力学性能检测方法,分析造成断裂的原因并提出改进措施。分析结果表明:由于抱箍母材中存在网状的三次渗碳体,易发生脆性断裂,抱箍加劲板焊缝处又存在未焊透缺陷,运行中在弯曲应力的作用下形成应力集中,导致未焊透处开裂,最终发生了脆性断裂。     

Kinetic analysis and bacterium metabolization of α-pinene by a novel identified Pseudomonas sp. strain

Biodegradation has become a popular alternative remediation technology for its economic and ecological advantages. An aerobic bacterium (strain ZW) capable of degrading αup-pinene was isolated from a biofilter by a selective enrichment. Based on the 16S rRNA gene analysis and physiochemical properties, this strain was identified as Pseudomonas veronii. Under the optimized condition achieved by the response surface methodology (RSM), as well as pH 6.82, temperature 26.3\textcelsius and NaCl concentration 1.36%, almost 100% αup-pinene could be removed within 45 hr. Enzymatic biodegradation by the crude intracellular enzyme could be described well by the Michaelis-Menten model in which the maximum degradation rate V_max and the half-saturation constant K_m were calculated to be 0.431 mmol/(L. min) and 0.169 mmol/L, respectively. Activity assay of catechol suggested that the strain ZW possessed a catechol-1,2-dioxygenase and could decompose benzene-ring through ortho ring cleavage. Based on the identified intermediates by GC/MS, a new metabolic pathway was proposed, in which the final metabolites were some simpler organic and inorganic compounds. The present work demonstrated that the strain ZW would have a great application prospect for the remediation of αup-pinene-contaminated environment.     

Pollution level and human health risk assessment of some pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Nantong of Southeast China

Food consumption is one of the key exposure routes of humans to contaminants. This article evaluated the residue levels of 51 pesticides and 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected fish and food items which were commonly consumed in the Nantong area of Jiangsu Province, Southeast China. The 51 pesticides and 16 PCBs were analyzed by highly sensitive gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed that organochlorine pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex and other pesticides including chlorpyrifos, pyrethroid pesticides, metolachlor, pyridaben and trifluralin were frequently detected in the samples, which was consistent with the accumulation level and characteristics of these toxic chemicals in human adipose tissue of people living in Nantong. Meanwhile, correlation of the residue level of toxic chemicals with their physical chemical properties and historic use pattern in Nantong area was observed. Combined with dietary survey results at the same sampling locations, human health risk assessment of ingestion through the dietary route was performed. The results suggested that the non-cancer risks of the chemicals investigated can be considered negligible in the Nantong area, however, the cancer risks from lifetime dietary exposure to DDTs and HCB have exceeded the acceptable levels.     

Long-term exposure to air pollution and cerebrovascular disease: findings from Beijing Health Management Cohort study

● This study explored the long-term association by double robust additive models. ● Individual exposure concentrations were assessed by integrating GAM, LUR and BPNN. ● PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ are positively associated with cerebrovascular disease. ● CO could reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease with the highest robustness. ● The elderly, women and people with normal BMI are at higher risk for air pollution. The relationship between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease has become a popular topic, yet research findings are highly heterogeneous. This study aims to investigate this association based on detailed individual health data and a precise evaluation of their exposure levels. The integrated models of generalized additive model, land use regression model and back propagation neural network were used to evaluate the exposure concentrations. And doubly robust additive model was conducted to explore the association between cerebrovascular disease and air pollution after adjusted for demographic characteristics, physical examination, disease information, geographic and socioeconomic status. A total of 25097 subjects were included in the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2013 to 2018. With a 1 μg/m³ increase in the concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂, the incidence risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.02 (95% CI: 1.008–1.034), 1.06 (95% CI: 1.034–1.095) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.010–1.029) respectively. Whereas CO exposure could decrease the risk, with an odds ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.212–0.626). In the subgroup analysis, individuals under the age of 50 with normal BMI were at higher risk caused by PM_2.5, and SO₂ was considered more hazardous to women. Meanwhile, the protective effect of CO on women and those with normal BMI was stronger. Successful reduction of long-term exposure to PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ would lead to substantial benefits for decrease the risk of cerebrovascular disease especially for the health of the susceptible individuals.     

深厚沉积层对地震动持时影响的初步分析∗

基于 NGA‐West2 和 NIED 数据库,以地震动 70% 重要持时和 90% 重要持时为研究对象。利用获取的 9 361 组强震记录,采用随机效应回归和残差分析的方法,对典型持时预测模型进行改进,并探究了深厚沉积层对地震动重要持时的影响规律。结果表明：（1）场地沉积层厚度对地震动持时有显著影响,随着沉积层厚度的增大,地震动持时呈现出对数线性增长的趋势;（2）地震动持时的沉积层厚度效应与地震动强度具有相关性。重要持时随 Z_2.5的对数线性变化系数随地震动强度的增大而减小;（3）地震动持时分别随着震级和断层距的增大而增大,随着 V_S30的增大而减小;（4）在强震、远场以及软弱场地条件下,深厚沉积层对地震动持时的放大作用越显著。在高层结构的抗震设计时,考虑深厚沉积层场地对地震动持时的影响是有必要的。