Significant contribution of spring northwest transport to volatile organic compounds in Beijing

High values of ozone (O₃) occur frequently in the dry spring season; thus, understanding the evolution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in spring is of great significance for preventing O₃ pollution. In this study, a total of 101 VOCs from April 16 to May 21, 2019, were quantified using an online gas chromatography mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GCMS/FID). The results indicated that the observed concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 30.4 ± 17.0 ppbv, and it was dominated by alkanes (44.3%), followed by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (17.4%), halocarbons (12.7%), aromatics (9.5%), alkenes (8.2%), acetylene (5.3%) and carbon disulfide (2.5%). The average mixing ratio of VOCs showed obvious diurnal variation (high at night, low during daytime). We conducted a source apportionment study based on 32 major VOCs using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and coal + biomass burning (25.2%), diesel exhaust (16.0%), gasoline exhaust + evaporation (17.4%), secondary + long-lived species (16.7%), biogenic sources (4.3%), industrial emissions (9.3%) and solvent use (11.2%) were identified as major sources of VOCs. In addition to local emissions, most of the atmospheric VOCs were derived from long-distance air masses (65.7%), and the average mixing ratio of VOCs in the northwest direction was 29.4 ppbv. Combined with the results of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) indicate that research should focus on the local emissions of combustion, transportation sources and solvents usage to control atmospheric VOCs. Additionally, transmission of the northwest air mass is an important component that cannot be ignored during spring in Beijing.     

阿克达拉大气本底站NO2输送路径及潜在源分析

基于HYSPLIT模式和全球资料同化系统气象数据（GDAS）,计算了2015年12月-2016年11月阿克达拉国家大气本底站48 h气流后向轨迹,并结合同期NO₂小时监测数据,综合运用聚类分析、潜在源贡献因子法（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹法（CWT）,分析不同季节气流轨迹对阿克达拉NO₂污染物浓度的影响,并揭示不同季节NO₂潜在污染源区分布及其贡献水平.结果表明：冬季来自东南方向的气流轨迹占比最高,春、夏、秋季气流轨迹主要来自西北方向,来自西北的长距离气流轨迹NO₂质量浓度较低;WPSCF表明重度污染网格出现在冬季的风口区如阿拉山口、达坂城谷地,四季中度污染网格出现在准噶尔盆地及周边地区、额尔齐斯河谷、哈萨克斯坦东部和俄罗斯南部;WCWT和WPSCF潜在源区分布较为一致,WCWT分析表明春、冬两季的NO₂贡献高值区污染程度大于夏、秋两季,春、冬两季NO₂污染网格贡献值为6~9 μg·m^-3,夏、秋两季污染网格贡献值集中在5~7 μg·m^-3.对于阿克达拉背景站点而言,NO₂污染物总体浓度水平较低,揭示其NO₂输送轨迹和污染源区,为区域大气污染联防联控提供重要参考.     

车用氢能产业链安全事故分析及防范探讨

对近年来国外氢能制取与纯化、氢能运输、供氢母站及加氢站等环节的安全事故进行统计,结合氢能本身特性分析得出各环节存在的主要安全风险,并参考和借鉴美国、日本等国车用氢能安全生产实践经验,提出氢能安全利用对策。     

黄浦江原水中土臭素冬季超标机制研究

基于黄浦江原水中土臭素浓度出现的季节性超标现象,采用高通量测序技术对比分析了夏、冬季微生物群落结构差异,发现夏、冬季水样中微生物群落结构差异显著.土臭素浓度较低的夏季水样中相对丰度较高的微生物为Microcystis、Synechococcus等蓝藻类微生物,其与嗅味物质的合成相关且易于汇集到沉积物内,导致夏季水样与冬季沉积物微生物种群相关;冬季水样中丰度较高的微生物主要为Flavobacterium、Candidatus Pelagibacter、Limnohabitans等水华蓝藻分解微生物,由此推测夏季增殖并汇集于沉积物的水华蓝藻分解是导致原水冬季土臭素超标的主要原因.本研究基于微生物种群结构分析提出了冬季原水中嗅味物质超标的可能机制,为饮用水原水嗅味污染控制提供了理论参考.     

负载型纳米Fe与负载型纳米Fe-Ni降解甲基橙的对比研究

以阳离子交换树脂为载体,合成了负载型纳米Fe和负载型纳米Fe-Ni双金属材料,并采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析对该材料进行表征,考察了m(FeSO4):m(树脂)、负载纳米材料加入量、溶液pH等因素对甲基橙降解率的影响.结果表明,两种负载纳米材料对0.05 g·L-1甲基橙均有较好的降解效果,甲基橙的降解率随负载纳米材料加入量的增加而增加;纳米双金属材料中Ni含量的增加有利于甲基橙的降解.在pH =4酸性条件下降解效果最佳.在优化的降解反应条件下,对比研究了负载型纳米Fe和负载型纳米Fe-Ni对甲基橙的降解效果.结果表明,负载型纳米Fe-Ni对甲基橙的降解效果要优于负载型纳米Fe.制备的材料在多次使用后经活化,仍有良好的催化稳定性.     

碳纳米管负载的非晶态CoP合金和金属Co对高毒气体PH3的催化分解

采用沉积-沉淀法和诱导-还原沉积法制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)负载的金属Co和非晶态CoP合金,并将其应用于PH3分解反应.同时,通过XRD 、TEM、XPS、BET等一系列检测手段,对制备样品的相结构、形貌、组分和比表面积进行了表征.结果发现,反应过程中,Co/CNTs生成了高活性的金属磷化物CoP,而CoP/CNTs生成了CoP和Co2P两种金属磷化物.研究表明,Co/CNTs较CoP/CNTs显示出更高的催化活性和稳定性.高温还原预处理方式可提高Co/CNTs在PH3分解反应前期的活性,而低温还原的预处理方式有利于CoP/CNTs保持较高的催化活性,减轻样品的失活程度.     

Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation method derived from environmental economy

Evaluation system can encourage and guide entrepreneurs, and impel them to perform well in environment management. An evaluation method based on advantage structure is established. It is used to analyze entrepreneur environment management behavior in China. Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation index system is constructed based on empirical research. Evaluation method of entrepreneurs is put forward, from the point of objective programming-theory to alert entrepreneurs concerned to think much of it, which means to take minimized objective function as comprehensive evaluation result and identify disadvantage structure pattern. Application research shows that overall behavior of Chinese entrepreneurs environmental management are good, specially, environment strategic behavior are best, environmental management behavior are second, cultural behavior ranks last. Application results show the efficiency and feasibility of this method.     

一株兼性嗜冷产甲烷杆菌的分离与系统发育学分析

从云南哀牢山泥土中分离出一株生长温度范围为7～40℃的兼性嗜冷产甲烷杆菌8-1.该菌株革兰氏染色阳性,直径0.2～0.3μm,长2～5μm,具有弯曲和微弯杆状两种形态,不运动,单生﹑成对﹑多数成聚集状态存在.能够利用H2/CO2和甲酸盐生长,不利用甲醇﹑三甲胺﹑乙酸和二元醇类.最适生长条件:温度为35℃,pH值为7.5～8.5,盐浓度为0 mol/L NaCI.最低生长的温度可达到7℃.菌株8-1与标准株Methanobacterium subterraneum strain A8p(=DSM 11074T)的16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99%.     

Possible role of extracellular vesicles in exogenous chemical exposure-associated health concern

Extracellular vesicles(EVs) are mediators of intercellular message communication by transferring lipids, proteins, genetic materials, and are therefore involved in a wide spectrum of physiological or pathological processes. Exogenous chemicals exposure may affect the function of EVs at the biogenesis, secretion, transport or reception stage, which could further result in abnormal information communication between cells, and thus induce toxicity and diseases. This review briefly explores the role of EVs in chemical exposure-associated health concern and progressive diseases.