Regional or global WEEE recycling. Where to go?

If we consider Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management, we can see the development of different positions in developed and developing countries. This development started with the movement of WEEE from developed countries to the developing countries. However, when the consequences for health and the environment were observed, some developing countries introduced a ban on the import of this kind of waste under the umbrella of the Basel Convention, while some developed countries have been considering a regional or global WEEE recycling approach. This paper explores the current movements between Source and Destination countries, or the importers and exporters, and examines whether it is legal and why illegal traffic is still rife; how global initiatives could support a global WEEE management scheme; the recycling characteristics of the source an destination countries and also to ascertain whether the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has been established between the different stakeholders involved in WEEE management.Ultimately, the Full Extended Producer Responsibility is presented as a possible solution because the compensation of the environmental capacity for WEEE recycling or treatment could be made by the contribution of extra responsibility; and also generating an uniform standard for processing WEEE in an environmentally sound manner could support the regional or international solution of WEEE and also improve the performance of the informal sector.     

Study on the Comprehensive Tourism Development Pattern in Periphery Minority Area: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province,China

Abstract

The paper took the human-land relations as a basic point, and the theories of tourism industry system and sustainable development as the guidance, with Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (Gannan) as the case study area. From microcosmic and macroscopic viewpoints, the author carried out function orientation and evaluation to the tourism industry development, and research on the comprehensive tourism industry development pattern of Gannan. Results show that the fragile ecological environment and the traditional economic growth pattern have restricted regional sustainable development, and made Gannan to become a representative of the periphery minority areas in Northwest China. Tourism development of Gannan is at the primary phase, with the characteristics of short industry chain and low economic efficiency. It is an inevitable choice to transform the way of regional economic growth and the development pattern of tourism industry from the traditional pattern to the pattern of sustainable development. Simultaneously, Gannan's natural, national and religious culture makes Gannan a broad prospect on the comprehensive tourism development. Gannan should choose the comprehensive tourism industry as its scientific pattern to realize sustainable development, promote harmonious social, economic and ecological development, alleviate the human-land contradictory, and realize dual goals in terms of ecology construction and economical development. For Gannan and the similar areas in China, studies on the sustainable development pattern of tourism have extremely important strategic sense with respect to tourism development and the sustainable development of regional economy.     

Assessment of water quality and identification of pollution sources of plateau lakes in Yunnan (China)

The plateau lakes of Yunnan are important both ecologically and economically in China. Nevertheless, the human impact on water quality in these lakes has become increasingly highlighted. The water quality of 10 plateau lakes was monitored regularly over the period of 2000 through 2004 for 24 parameters. Multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA), factor analysis (FA), and principal component analysis (PCA), were employed to better interpret information about the water quality and its pollution sources. No obvious data reduction from CA/FA was found because three principal components (PCs) needed 14 variables to explain 85.01% of the total variance. However, three latent factors accounted for pollution mainly from the following sources: agricultural activities, residential activities and anthropogenic-toxic pollution from industrial effluents, or other special activities. Box-whiskers plots were employed to visually interpret the spatiotemporal variations of water quality variables, which were highly correlated with three PCs. Three types of water quality (i.e., low-, medium-, and high-polluted lakes) were determined through CA based on the similarity of water quality variables. Our results may provide helpful information for the authorities to effectively manage the water quality and make sound policies.     

基于SCS-CN与GIS耦合模型的闽三角城市群承灾空间淹没风险研究

以闽三角城市群为研究对象,创新水文SCS-CN算法与GIS耦合技术,计算出不同暴雨重现期(5 a,10 a,50 a一遇)下的淹没范围,构建闽三角城市群内涝淹没风险评估体系.通过地理探测器进一步探究淹没风险与社会生态系统空间分布规律,为闽三角城镇群的生态安全保障与可持续发展提供技术支撑.研究表明:闽三角城市群内涝淹没区...     

有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂毒性效应研究进展

有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂(organophosphate flame retardants,OPFRs)作为多溴联苯醚等溴代阻燃剂(brominated flame retardants,BFRs)的替代品被广泛应用,由此带来的环境影响广受关注。目前针对OPFRs的生物毒性研究仍相对有限,需要更全面调查其在多环境介质中的暴露状况、环境归趋、生物毒性效应等研究成果,在此基础上才能综合评价其可能引起的生态风险。因此,综述了OPFRs对水生生物、哺乳动物和人类等多种生物体的急性毒性、生殖与发育毒性、神经毒性、脏器毒性、基因毒性与致突变性和内分泌干扰性。OPFRs的多种生物毒性已得到证实,但相关致毒机制研究尚不完整深入。最后对OPFRs的进一步研究存在的问题进行分析,提出了研究展望,以期促进开展OPFRs的环境风险和人体健康风险研究。     

全球气候监测业务系统简介

本文重点介绍了国家气象中心实施减灾战略之一的一项重要基础业务一,全球气候监测业务系统。同时指出加强多学科监测的合作研究是加速认识气候变化规律的重要途径。     

80年代以来全球重大气象灾害评述

８０年代以来世界异常气候和气象灾害频繁发生，有些灾害甚至造成了极其严重的社会和经济后果．本文根据所收集到的观测资料，对８０年代以来全球的重大气象灾害及其影响进行了评述．     

京津冀区域重污染天气过程数值预报评估新方法

利用区域空气质量监测数据、空气质量模式数值预报产品及天气图资料,建立了一种适用于区域重污染天气过程预报的评估方法,将其用于评估NAQPMS模式系统对2013年和2014年京津冀地区静稳型、沙尘型和特殊型3类重污染天气过程的预报能力,并探讨了重污染天气过程早报、晚报及漏报的可能气象条件原因,以提高预报准确率.结果表明:数值模式系统提前3 d预报重污染天气过程的预报准确率可达57%,秋冬季预报效果好于其他季节,静稳型预报效果好于沙尘型和特殊型.对模式AQI预报结果统计发现,当预报AQI值达到150以上时,实际发生重污染天气过程的概率较大,如定义AQI等于150作为重污染天气预警临界值,模式预报准确率可提高至70%以上.天气系统对污染过程预报有重要影响,WRF气象模式对中低层天气系统位置及强度预报偏差是导致静稳型污染过程早报和晚报的一个重要原因.     

基于DBSCAN聚类的城市区域火灾风险计算方法——以深圳市盐田区为例*

为探究评估城市区域的火灾综合风险,提出空间聚类和层次分析法对深圳市盐田区2011年至2019年火灾数据进行建模分析。运用DBSCAN聚类模型对火灾地点进行分类,结合层次分析法构建火灾风险评估验证模型,探讨聚类结果、火灾场景、火灾原因构建系统层次结构模型,综合得出风险评估结果。通过将聚类区域还原至百度地图,结合场景信息及层次分析法指标值对模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明:由于各区区域功能及地理位置不同,区域火灾风险值有明显差异,模型计算出的4个区域结果与实际火灾情况具有一致性。     

基于脑电数据的管制架次对管制员疲劳影响研究

为量化研究管制区域内飞机架次的时空变化对管制员疲劳的影响,设计相应测试方案进行试验研究。有针对性地选取20名在职管制员分别在大、小夜班的班前和班后进行试验,采集完成不同流量等级下雷达模拟机任务过程中的管制员的脑电(EEG)信号数据,从数据中提取疲劳指标值,运用SPSS20.0软件统计分析指标值,根据管制员的岗龄将其分成2组进行比较,线性拟合班前班后的管制员疲劳指标值。结果表明:岗龄≥10年的管制员疲劳指标值及其波动性明显低于岗龄<10年的管制员;班前管制员疲劳指标值随管制架次的增加中后期呈下降趋势;班后管制员的疲劳指标值随管制架次的增加而增长,随时间呈3次曲线变化。