小麦蛋白翻译起始因子5A(eIF5A)表达载体构建及原核表达

真核生物的翻译起始因子5A(eIF5A)是调控生物生长发育、衰老及环境适应等的重要因子.在对小麦eIF5A基因进行克隆和序列分析的基础上,成功构建了小麦蛋白翻译起始因子5A(eIF5A)的表达载体pET28a( )-eIF5A,并且经IPTG的诱导进行了原核表达,结果表明,eIF5A能够体外高效表达;进一步的Western blot分析表明,所表达的约18×103特异蛋白确为小麦eIF5A蛋白.图4参19     

Atmospheric pollution of agriculture-oriented cities in Northeast China: A case in Suihua

Agriculture-oriented cities in Northeastern China have experienced frequent atmospheric pollution events. Deeper understandings of the pollution characteristics, haze causes and effects of management on local air quality are crucial for conducting integrated management approaches for the sustainable development of agriculture-oriented cities. Taking a typical agriculture-dominant city (i.e., Suihua) in Northeast China, we analyzed in detail the characteristics and causes of atmospheric pollution and evaluated the straw-burning prohibition using multisource data. The results showed a clear temporal pattern of air quality index (AQI) on an annual scale (i.e., 2015-April 2019), with two typical pollution periods occurring in late autumn and early spring. The large areas of concentrated straw burning at local and regional scales accounted for the first period (i.e., October and November), while dust emissions and farming disturbances comprised the second period. The interannual variation in pollution periods among these years was large, showing similar trends from 2015 to 2017 and the postponed late-autumn pollution period in 2018. Our evaluation has shown that the prohibition effect of straw burning significantly improved air quality in 2018, with a reduction of 59% ± 88% in the PM_2.5 concentrations in October and November compared to 2015–2017. However, From October to April of the following year, the improvement effect was not significant due to postponement of straw burning to February or March. Our analysis also highlighted the roles of meteorological conditions, Therefore, combined with the promotion of straw utilization, scientifically prescribed burning considering the burning amount and location, meteorological conditions and regional transportation should be implemented.     

MFC处理人工湿地生物堵塞物及同步产电研究

为探究MFC（microbial fuel cells,微生物燃料电池）对人工湿地（constructed wetland,CW）堵塞物EPS（extracellular polymeric substances,胞外聚合物）组分的处理效果和产电性能,构建双室MFC,设置闭路组（closed circuit MFC,MFC-C）和开路组（open circuit MFC,MFC-O）对EPS中的主要组分〔PN（protein,蛋白质）和PS（polysaccharide,多糖）〕及人工湿地堵塞物进行处理,分析底物类型、底物浓度和外阻（R_ex）对MFC系统产电性能的影响及系统对底物的处理效果.结果表明:①MFC系统的产电性能受底物类型、底物浓度及R_ex的影响较大,底物浓度增加1.5倍（由200 mg/L增至500 mg/L）时,MFC系统最大电压（V_max）增加5.8%（PN）,最大功率密度（P_max）分别增加188.30%（PN）和124.21%（PS）;保持底物类型和底物浓度不变,R_ex增加9倍（由100 Ω增至1 000 Ω）时,MFC的V_max分别增加110.26%（PN）和92.81%（PS）,P_max分别增加109.19%（PN）和7.51%（PS）.②PN可全部被阳极微生物利用,但同时阳极微生物会分泌PS,底物浓度增加1.5倍时,出水中ρ（PS）分别增加107.85%（MFC-C）和78.55%（MFC-O）;R_ex增加9倍时,ρ（PS）分别增加415.85%（MFC-C）和294.29%（MFC-O）;底物为PN时,出水中ρ（PS）均表现为MFC-C < MFC-O,说明MFC形成的微弱电场在一定程度上可抑制PS的分泌.③人工湿地堵塞物可作为MFC的底物,随着投加量的增加（除堵塞物投加量为0.500 g/L外）,V_max（约750 mV）变化不大,但电压稳定时间随投加量的增加而略有延长;堵塞物投加量为6.667 g/L时,MFC的P_max为12.25 mW/m2,内阻（R_int）为1 112.5 Ω,MFC产电性能下降.研究显示,人工湿地堵塞物EPS可以作为MFC的阳极底物并同步实现能源回收.      

绥化市一次空气污染过程及潜在源区分析

本研究以2019年12月21—25日绥化市一次严重的空气污染事件为研究对象,分析了此次污染概况、气象条件、污染成因以及污染的潜在源区.结果表明：此次污染期间,绥化市以PM_2.5污染为主,污染特征由21日10：00及22日11：00的偏燃煤污染型转变为24日15：00的偏二次颗粒物污染型,最终25日12：00污染特征又转变为偏燃煤型,本次污染主要以燃煤、机动车尾气和二次无机源为主;不利的气象条件主要由于弱风、高湿及低温、较差的扩散条件导致污染物局地积累;48 h后向轨迹模拟表明污染期间绥化市受4类气流输送的影响,主要来源于俄罗斯、内蒙古、吉林等方向,其中超标轨迹占97.4%;WPSCF分析发现潜在源区主要集中在绥化本地中部、辽宁省东北部、大庆市中部、齐齐哈尔市东南部、哈尔滨市中部区域;WCWT模拟出的潜在源区域较WPSCF大,模拟发现吉林北部对绥化PM_2.5污染贡献值为60~80 μg·m^-3,黑河东北部的贡献值高达100 μg·m^-3以上,俄罗斯、内蒙古地区对绥化市大气PM_2.5污染水平的影响及贡献较小.     

京津冀区域重污染天气过程数值预报评估新方法

利用区域空气质量监测数据、空气质量模式数值预报产品及天气图资料,建立了一种适用于区域重污染天气过程预报的评估方法,将其用于评估NAQPMS模式系统对2013年和2014年京津冀地区静稳型、沙尘型和特殊型3类重污染天气过程的预报能力,并探讨了重污染天气过程早报、晚报及漏报的可能气象条件原因,以提高预报准确率.结果表明:数值模式系统提前3 d预报重污染天气过程的预报准确率可达57%,秋冬季预报效果好于其他季节,静稳型预报效果好于沙尘型和特殊型.对模式AQI预报结果统计发现,当预报AQI值达到150以上时,实际发生重污染天气过程的概率较大,如定义AQI等于150作为重污染天气预警临界值,模式预报准确率可提高至70%以上.天气系统对污染过程预报有重要影响,WRF气象模式对中低层天气系统位置及强度预报偏差是导致静稳型污染过程早报和晚报的一个重要原因.     

Effects of mixture ratio on anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable waste and food waste of China

The biochemical methane potentials for typical fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) from a northern China city were investigated, which were 0.30, 0.56 m3 CH4/kgVS (volatile solids) with biodegradabilities of 59.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Individual anaerobic digestion testes of FVW and FW were conducted at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 kg VS/(m3 day) using a lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactor at 35°C. FVW could be digested stably with the biogas production rate of 2.17 m3/(m3 day) and methane production yield of 0.42 m3 CH4/kg VS. However, anaerobic digestion process for FW was failed due to acids accumulation. The effects of FVW: FW ratio on co-digestion stability and performance were further investigated at the same OLR. At FVW and FW mixing ratios of 2:1 and 1:1, the performance and operation of the digester were maintained stable, with no accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. Changing the feed to a higher FW content in a ratio of FVW to FW 1:2, resulted in an increase in VFAs concentration to 1100–1200 mg/L, and the methanogenesis was slightly inhibited. At the optimum mixture ratio 1:1 for co-digestion of FVW with FW, the methane production yield was 0.49 m3 CH4/kg VS, and the volatile solids and soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal efficiencies were 74.9% and 96.1%, respectively.     

利用络氨铜控制景观水体藻华

研究了络氨铜对不同生长期的典型蓝藻（铜绿微囊藻,Microcystis aeruginosa）15d生长抑制影响的基础上,开展了络氨铜对不同时期景观池水中叶绿素a含量的影响,并跟踪测定了其中的有效铜离子浓度变化.结果表明,络氨铜在0.10mg·L-1（络氨铜的有效浓度,下同）时,可完全抑制适应期铜绿微囊藻的生长;在4d...     

大气环境中污染物的产生及治理技术的发展

摘要：本文论述了几种典型的大气污染物的种类及产生方式,并介绍了二氧化硫、氖氧化物、光化学烟雾、烟尘的处理技术方法和机理,对不同方法进行了比较,得出了最佳处理技术和方法。     

城市化与城市生态化是一个过程的两个方面

城市化必须同时伴随着城市生态化,或者说城市化和城市生态化是一个过程的两个方面而不是两个过程。工业革命以来,世界的城市化进程已经成为一个不争的事实,然而19世纪前城市化过程往往是只注重城市化而忽视生态化,甚至以牺牲生态来实现城市化,以致城市变成了生态的对立物。严峻的城市环境迫使人们反思以往城市建设模式和理念,上世纪70年代生态城市理念的提出,使人们有可能从城市生态化的视角来审视城市化,把城市化和城市生态化统一起来。这具有极大的理论和实践意义。