Recovery of valuable materials from waste liquid crystal display panel

Associated with the rapid development of the information and electronic industry, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have been increasingly sold as displays. However, during the discarding at their end-of-life stage, significant environmental hazards, impacts on health and a loss of resources may occur, if the scraps are not managed in an appropriate way. In order to improve the efficiency of the recovery of valuable materials from waste LCDs panel in an environmentally sound manner, this study presents a combined recycling technology process on the basis of manual dismantling and chemical treatment of LCDs. Three key processes of this technology have been studied, including the separation of LCD polarizing film by thermal shock method the removal of liquid crystals between the glass substrates by the ultrasonic cleaning, and the recovery of indium metal from glass by dissolution. The results show that valuable materials (e.g. indium) and harmful substances (e.g. liquid crystals) could be efficiently recovered or separated through above-mentioned combined technology. The optimal conditions are: (1) the peak temperature of thermal shock to separate polarizing film, ranges from 230 to 240 °C, where pyrolysis could be avoided; (2) the ultrasonic-assisted cleaning was most efficient at a frequency of 40 KHz (P = 40 W) and the exposure of the substrate to industrial detergents for 10 min; and (3) indium separation from glass in a mix of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 38% and nitric acid at 69% (HCl:HNO₃:H₂O = 45:5:50, volume ratio). The indium separation process was conducted with an exposure time of 30 min at a constant temperature of 60 °C.     

Significant contribution of spring northwest transport to volatile organic compounds in Beijing

High values of ozone (O₃) occur frequently in the dry spring season; thus, understanding the evolution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in spring is of great significance for preventing O₃ pollution. In this study, a total of 101 VOCs from April 16 to May 21, 2019, were quantified using an online gas chromatography mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GCMS/FID). The results indicated that the observed concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 30.4 ± 17.0 ppbv, and it was dominated by alkanes (44.3%), followed by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (17.4%), halocarbons (12.7%), aromatics (9.5%), alkenes (8.2%), acetylene (5.3%) and carbon disulfide (2.5%). The average mixing ratio of VOCs showed obvious diurnal variation (high at night, low during daytime). We conducted a source apportionment study based on 32 major VOCs using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and coal + biomass burning (25.2%), diesel exhaust (16.0%), gasoline exhaust + evaporation (17.4%), secondary + long-lived species (16.7%), biogenic sources (4.3%), industrial emissions (9.3%) and solvent use (11.2%) were identified as major sources of VOCs. In addition to local emissions, most of the atmospheric VOCs were derived from long-distance air masses (65.7%), and the average mixing ratio of VOCs in the northwest direction was 29.4 ppbv. Combined with the results of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) indicate that research should focus on the local emissions of combustion, transportation sources and solvents usage to control atmospheric VOCs. Additionally, transmission of the northwest air mass is an important component that cannot be ignored during spring in Beijing.     

Regional or global WEEE recycling. Where to go?

If we consider Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management, we can see the development of different positions in developed and developing countries. This development started with the movement of WEEE from developed countries to the developing countries. However, when the consequences for health and the environment were observed, some developing countries introduced a ban on the import of this kind of waste under the umbrella of the Basel Convention, while some developed countries have been considering a regional or global WEEE recycling approach. This paper explores the current movements between Source and Destination countries, or the importers and exporters, and examines whether it is legal and why illegal traffic is still rife; how global initiatives could support a global WEEE management scheme; the recycling characteristics of the source an destination countries and also to ascertain whether the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has been established between the different stakeholders involved in WEEE management.Ultimately, the Full Extended Producer Responsibility is presented as a possible solution because the compensation of the environmental capacity for WEEE recycling or treatment could be made by the contribution of extra responsibility; and also generating an uniform standard for processing WEEE in an environmentally sound manner could support the regional or international solution of WEEE and also improve the performance of the informal sector.     

阿克达拉大气本底站NO2输送路径及潜在源分析

基于HYSPLIT模式和全球资料同化系统气象数据（GDAS）,计算了2015年12月-2016年11月阿克达拉国家大气本底站48 h气流后向轨迹,并结合同期NO₂小时监测数据,综合运用聚类分析、潜在源贡献因子法（PSCF）和浓度权重轨迹法（CWT）,分析不同季节气流轨迹对阿克达拉NO₂污染物浓度的影响,并揭示不同季节NO₂潜在污染源区分布及其贡献水平.结果表明：冬季来自东南方向的气流轨迹占比最高,春、夏、秋季气流轨迹主要来自西北方向,来自西北的长距离气流轨迹NO₂质量浓度较低;WPSCF表明重度污染网格出现在冬季的风口区如阿拉山口、达坂城谷地,四季中度污染网格出现在准噶尔盆地及周边地区、额尔齐斯河谷、哈萨克斯坦东部和俄罗斯南部;WCWT和WPSCF潜在源区分布较为一致,WCWT分析表明春、冬两季的NO₂贡献高值区污染程度大于夏、秋两季,春、冬两季NO₂污染网格贡献值为6~9 μg·m^-3,夏、秋两季污染网格贡献值集中在5~7 μg·m^-3.对于阿克达拉背景站点而言,NO₂污染物总体浓度水平较低,揭示其NO₂输送轨迹和污染源区,为区域大气污染联防联控提供重要参考.     

太原市采暖期大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的污染特征

本研究对太原市采暖期PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染水平、组成特征、健康风险以及来源进行了分析。结果表明,太原市采暖期PM2.5的日均浓度水平为70.7~274.2μg/m3,90%的样品超过了我国《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)中PM2.5的二级标准限值(75μg/m3)。PM2.5中16种PAHs的浓度水平为282.7~1 398.6ng/m3,平均值为915.7ng/m3。荧蒽(Fla)是浓度最高的单体,占PAHs总浓度的20.4%,其次是芘(Pry)和菲(Phe),分别占14.5%和13.2%。不同环数的PAHs质量浓度为4环5~6环2~3环。以苯并(a)芘(Bap)为参照对象的昼夜毒性当量浓度Bapeq分别为75.5和100.0ng/m3,高于我国和WHO对Bap的规定值(分别为2.5和1ng/m3),对人体健康存在潜在危害。根据PAHs环数分布及特征比值法判断PAHs的主要来源是煤燃烧,同时也存在一定的生物质燃烧和少部分石油燃烧。     

石家庄市制药行业VOCs排放特征分析及健康风险评价

选择石家庄市9家典型制药企业作为研究目标,在对生产工艺进行调查的基础上研究了VOCs的排放特征,并利用国际公认的健康风险评价模型对制药行业排放的典型VOCs的健康风险进行了初步评价。结果表明,9家研究企业排放的VOCs浓度在10.6~162 mg·m-3间,抗生素类生产企业是主要排放源;识别出的9种典型VOCs为丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、正丁醇、异丙醇、甲苯;通过源成分谱确定出不同制药类型排放源的主要污染物:发酵类抗生素为乙酸丁酯(40%)、乙酸乙酯(31%)和正丁醇(17%);半合成类抗生素为丙酮(55%)、异丙醇(15%)和二氯甲烷(12%);维生素类为乙醇(41%)、丙酮(34%)和甲醇(13%);中药类为乙醇(75%)、甲醇(12%)。制药行业排放的VOCs健康风险危害指数为2.08×10-5,低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的最大可接受水平,不会对暴露人群健康造成非致癌危害;正丁醇的危害指数最高,贡献率为48%。各典型制药企业排放口中二氯甲烷的致癌风险值在1.37×10-5~9.28×10-4间。     

基于超级站多仪器联合观测的大气气溶胶遥感研究

大气气溶胶在气候变化、大气环境和人体健康等多个方面产生重要影响。遥感是获得气溶胶时空分布信息的重要手段,并且具有非破坏性、观测瞬时性、可获取整层大气信息等特点,因此在环保、气象等行业得到越来越多的应用。研究介绍了由多种监测仪器构成的中国科学院(北京)大气气溶胶遥感研究超级站的仪器配置、观测指标和相关研究方向,并阐述了其在4方面的具体应用:(1)针对沙尘、灰霾等典型过程的多仪器遥感联合观测;(2)将光学遥感拓展到气溶胶成分信息等前沿应用;(3)遥感获得近地面PM_(2.5)等环境关键参数的方法;(4)主被动结合的大气颗粒物垂直分布特性研究。通过超级站多仪器联合观测,可加强对大气气溶胶的全方位观测和分析,为环境研究提供综合数据支撑。     

改良Fenton工艺用于化工园区污水深度处理的小试

针对传统Fenton工艺产泥量大,处理成本高等问题,开发了一种基于含铁污泥再生回用的改良Fenton工艺。改良Fenton工艺主要包括Fenton水处理和含铁污泥再生两部分,其中含铁污泥再生工艺包括酸化过程和还原过程。实验结果表明,酸化反应的加酸量和上清液总铁浓度可根据含铁污泥浓度进行估算;还原反应铁粉投加量与酸化后溶液中总铁浓度1：1时最优,生成的Fe2+浓度约为原溶液总铁浓度1.5倍,剩余铁粉可重复利用。含铁污泥再生催化剂用于Fenton工艺,降解COD的效果与FeSO4作为催化剂的效果一致。利用改良Fenton工艺对化工园区污水进行深度处理,出水COD低于60 mg·L-1。与传统Fenton工艺相比,改良Fenton工艺能减少60%的含铁污泥排放,降低运行成本40%以上。     

CFD在平板膜MBR设计及运行优化中的研究

通过Ansys Fluent软件,结合CFD涉及的水力学参数,分别从膜流道平均流速、膜面平均湍流强度及剪切力分布对MBR反应池中的流场特征进行了分析,模拟和优化了平板膜组件的装填密度,并进行了膜面污泥沉降或然率分析。模拟结果显示,4种情景均呈现出膜面平均剪切力在处于反应池中部的膜元件较大,而靠近池壁的膜元件较小的特征。根据反应池流场模拟结果及膜面污泥沉降或然率得出,4种膜组件从劣到优依次为:净间距4 mm的膜组件< 净间距8 mm的膜组件< 净间距11 mm的膜组件< 净间距6 mm的膜组件,即装填密度可在原始规格的膜组件基础上增加40%。但4种情景曝气均匀性均不是特别理想,都存在着一定程度的膜面颗粒沉降。     

枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵降解茶皂素

实验研究了培养时间、培养温度、培养基初始pH、纱布层数和接种量等不同因素条件下,枯草芽孢杆菌对茶皂素降解率的影响,采用固相萃取-GC/MS分析法进行产物鉴定。通过单因子实验和响应曲面实验表明,反应温度、培养基初始pH、接种量对降解率影响较大,最佳液态发酵条件为:在23.2℃下培养6 d,培养基初始pH为8.97,纱布10层,接种量1.97%,最佳条件下,降解率达到(67.07±0.33)%。GC/MS分析得到胞外产物18种,胞内产物4种。