油田含油污泥处理处置技术发展及应用

介绍了油田含油污泥的特征、来源,以及国内外相关法规政策和标准规范的制定情况;分析了含油污泥处置技术的主要研究进展和应用现状;对我国油田含油污泥处理处置技术提出了发展建议。     

能源强度收敛:对发达国家与发展中国家的检验

能源强度是指一个国家或地区生产单位产值所消耗的能源量,它反映了经济系统对能源的依赖程度和能源的使用效率。许多国家的能源强度曲线在直观上表现出收敛的显著特征。为了对这一现象进行严格的证明和检验,该文依据时间序列协整概念,首先提出了能源强度收敛的定义,然后从一个包含能源投入的内生增长模型出发,从理论上证实了能源强度收敛的存在性。为了对能源强度收敛进行实证检验,选取24个国家,并划分组合为5组样本,分别对能源强度收敛进行了σ收敛检验和协整检验,结果表明:高收入国家、高中收入国家、中低收入国家、发展中国家和样本中所有国家都存在能源强度收敛现象;σ收敛检验还揭示出各组样本中能源强度收敛的时间段以及收敛程度的大小排序。     

江苏省铅蓄电池行业环保现状及对策

近年来铅蓄电池行业血铅污染事件引发了社会各界群众的高度关注,国家和地方也陆续颁布和实施了一系列控制重金属污染的法规政策,将铅蓄电池行业推向了改革的风口浪尖。经过几年的初步改革,虽然相关企业的环保行为有所提升,但与国家和地方的要求仍存在不小差距。以江苏省现有规模以上铅蓄电池生产企业为研究对象,深入剖析各企业在环境保护方面存在的突出问题,有针对性的提出环保发展对策,为全省乃至全国铅蓄电池行业的综合整治和产业升级指明方向,具有重要的现实意义。     

Recycling thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) waste glass produced as glass–ceramics

The waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directives are designed to deal with the rapidly increasing waste stream comprised of electrical and electronic equipment. Recycling electrical and electronic equipment reduces the quantity of waste going to final disposal. The demand for thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panels, commonly used in everyday electronic products, is increasing. Conventionally adopted treatments of TFT-LCD waste glass cannot meet WEEE directives. This study adopts the following operating conditions in fabricating glass–ceramics: sintering temperature of 800–950 °C; sintering time of 6 h; and, temperature increase rate of 5 °C/min. The glass–ceramic samples then underwent a series of tests, including the Vickers hardness, water absorption and porosity tests, to determine product quality. The Vickers hardness was 12.1 GPa when fired at 900 °C for 6 h, and density was 2.4 g/cm³ and water absorption was 0%. Thus, TFT-LCD waste glass can be regarded as a good glass–ceramic material.     

芳香类有机物氯化生成消毒副产物的特性研究

选择有代表性的芳香类有机物,在含有腐殖酸的水溶液中进行氯化试验.测定三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的生成特性.并分析有机物的化学结构对生成消毒副产物的影响.结果表明.各受试物氯化生成消毒副产物的活性和反应速率排序为间苯二酚>对苯二酚>邻苯二酚>苯酚>苯胺>苯甲酸>硝基苯;芳香类有机物苯环上官能团的性质、数量和位置等影响消毒副产物的生成;间苯二酚的氯化反应可分为快速反应阶段和慢速反应阶段.     

Production of the monoclonal antibody against tylosin for immunoassay of macrolide antibiotics in milk

The objective of the present study was to develop an immunoassay for multi-determination of the residues of four macrolide antibiotics in milk. Tylosin was derivatized with 6-aminohexanoic acid to synthesize a hapten that was used to produce the monoclonal antibody. The obtained monoclonal antibody simultaneously recognized tylosin, acetylisovaleryltylosin, tilmicosin and desmycosin with crossreactivities of 100%, 91%, 49% and 76%, respectively. Then an indirect competitive immunoassay was developed to determine the four analytes in milk simultaneously. The limits of detection for the four analytes were in the range of 5.5–11.7 ng/mL depending on the compound. The recoveries of the four analytes from fortified blank milk were in the range of 78%–96% with coefficients of variation lower than 11.4%. The developed immunoassay could be used as a practical tool for rapid screening the residues of the four anlytes in milk.     

Investigation of the positive artifact formation during sampling semi-volatile aerosol using wet denuders

Wet denuders are used in several steam-based semi-continuous aerosol monitors to avoid gaseous absorption artifacts and pre-humidify the air stream, while simultaneously allowing measurements of water-soluble gaseous species. Unlike dry denuders, wet denuders saturate the sample air stream with water vapor, which can lead to re-partitioning of water-soluble volatile species to the aerosol phase, thereby causing a positive artifact in aerosol measurements. This paper investigates the magnitude of the positive artifact formation occurring in wet denuders using modeling techniques. Gaseous nitric acid was used as an example of volatile water-soluble gas in both flat and annular wet denuders. We have also verified the occurrence of the positive artifact in a flat wet denuder through a laboratory experiment. The model results indicate that the magnitude of the artifact is rather limited under typical conditions being less than 2.5% of ambient nitric acid concentration for the flat denuder and less than 0.6% for the annular denuder. The magnitude of the artifact increases with condensational sink of the aerosol (i.e. with the mean aerosol size and number concentration) and aerosol water solubility. While the artifact is relatively small in the absolute sense, it could be substantial for aerosol nitrate measurements, especially in ammonia limited conditions, when the concentration of the nitric acid is high and the concentration of nitrate is low. Therefore, we recommend that the artifact is assessed regularly by replacing the wet denuder with a dry denuder.     

我国矿山生态环境保护法律制度完善问题研究

在资源主导型的经济发展模式下,矿产资源无疑是我国经济社会发展的重要支柱.但矿业是高污染行业,特别是近年来我国矿产资源持续大规模的勘探开采,引起了一系列严重的矿山环境问题,矿山生态环境急剧恶化,其影响已涉及经济社会发展的方方面面,因此加强和完善我国矿山生态环境制度建设至关重要.文章首先介绍了我国矿山环境恢复机制的现行制度框架,在此框架的基础上,对我国矿山环境状况恶化的现实进行了深层次的原因分析,剖析了目前我国针对矿山环境问题的意识、立法执法、资金技术的现实状况.接下来,对我国矿山生态环境恢复治理机制进行了宏观构建.笔者认为,要从三个方面对我国的矿山生态环境恢复机制进行构建.首先是调整矿山生态环境保护法律制度;第二,完善矿山环境保护机制;第三,建立矿山企业自身环保机制.     

贫困地区可持续发展指标体系及其综合评估--以湖南湘西贫困地区为例

本文依据贫困地区可持续发展固有的制约因素，特殊的内涵与目标，首次利用压力（Pressure)——状态（State)——响应（Respons)模型，构建了贫困地区可持续发展指标体系，并采用专家咨询与定量模型相结合的方法，对湖南湘西贫困地区可持续发展水平作了实证评估与分析。