Transport modeling of copper and cadmium with linear and nonlinear retardation factors

The predictive accuracy of using the one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation to evaluate the fate and transport of solute in a soil column is usually dependent on the proper determination of chemical retardation factors. Typically, the distribution coefficient (K_d) obtained by fitting the linear sorption isotherm has been extensively used to consider general geochemical reactions on solute transport in a low-concentration range. However, the linear distribution coefficient cannot be adequately utilized to describe the solute fate at a higher concentration level. This study employed the nonlinear equilibrium-controlled sorption parameters to determine the retardation factor used in column leaching experiments. Copper and cadmium transportation in a lateritic silty-clay soil column was examined. Through the explicit finite-difference calculations with a third-order total-variation-diminishing (TVD) numerical solution scheme, all results of the theoretical copper and cadmium breakthrough curves (BTCs) simulated by using the Freundlich nonlinear retardation factors revealed good agreement with the experimental observations.     

Heavy metal retention and partitioning in a large-scale soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) system used for wastewater reclamation

Soil aquifer treatment (SAT) of wastewater relies on extensive biogeochemical processes in the soil and aquifer to achieve large-scale and economic reclamation of municipal effluents. Removal of trace metals from the wastewater is a prime objective in the operation, but the long-term sustainability of the adsorptive filtration capacity of the soils is an open question. Solid/solution partitioning (measured by the distribution coefficient, K(d)) and solid/solid partitioning (measured by selective sequential dissolution, SSD) of heavy metals were measured in soils sampled from active recharge basins in a wastewater reclamation plant and were compared to the adjacent pristine dune. K(d) values for the adsorption of Cu, Ni and Zn, measured in short-term adsorption experiments positively and significantly correlated with solution pH. Quantitative estimation of Cu, Ni and Zn adsorption on multi-sorbents indicated that surface adsorption and precipitation on Fe oxides and/or carbonate may be the major mechanisms of metal retention in these soils. SSD analyses of metal partitioning in soils exposed to approximately 20yr of effluent recharge showed that all solid-phase components, including the most stable 'residual' component, competed for and retained added Cu and Zn. Copper preferentially partitioned into the oxide component (32.0% of the soil-accumulated metal) while Zn preferentially partitioned into the carbonate component (51.6% of the soil-accumulated metal).     

贵州省红枫湖饮用水源地微囊藻毒素含量与水体中氮、磷含量等的相关性

2008年6~9月对贵州省红枫湖饮用水源地A、B、C采样点及取水口采样,研究了水体中微囊藻毒素即总藻毒素(total microcystin RR和total microcystin LR,TMC-RR、TMC-LR),胞外藻毒素(extracellular microcystin RR和extracellular microcystin LR,EMC-RR、EMC-LR)和胞内藻毒素(intracellular microcystin RR和intracellular microcystin LR,IMC-RR、IMC-LR)含量及相关的TN、TP、NH4-N、NO2-N、COD、Ch1a、pH等理化指标的变化情况,讨论了理化指标与藻毒素含量之间的相互关系。结果表明藻毒素在时间及空间上分布不均,无明显规律性。藻类高发期间藻毒素以胞内毒素为主要存在形式,去除藻毒素保障饮用水安全最重要的是去除饮用水源水中的藻类。相关性分析表明藻毒素含量与pH、NO2-N、Ch1a具有统计学意义上的相关性,综合回归分析的结果,pH是影响藻毒素的重要因子,因此贵州省喀斯特弱碱性特殊水环境与藻毒素产生的环境条件值得各方面高度关注。     

青藏高原典型高寒草甸区土壤有机碳氮的变异特性

本研究应用地统计学的基本原理与方法(半方差分析)对青藏高原典型高寒草甸区0～10 cm土壤有机碳和全氮空间变异性进行了分析.结果表明,0～10 cm的土壤有机碳和全氮的平均含量分别为11.45 g·kg^-1和1.02 g·kg^-1,平均变异系数分别为0.23和0.21,反映出该植被区土壤肥力较为贫瘠.土壤有机碳和全氮随机因素的变异占总空间异质性变异的比率分别为44.7%和49.9%,变异尺度分别为210.9 m和200.1 m,随机因素的影响主要发生在采样尺度＜10 m的范围之内.在该研究区域上土壤有机碳和全氮均表现出空间自相关因素大于随机因素的变异格局;在空间结构的变异上,由土壤内在属性如土壤矿物质、地形等空间自相关因素和人为因素如放牧及工程施工等对土壤表层的践踏引起的随机因素共同起作用,影响程度呈中等水平.     

废水中氨氮湿式空气氧化和超临界水氧化研究进展

湿式空气氧化法(WAO)和超临界水氧化法（SCWO)废水处理技术近年已有广泛研究。当催化剂存在于氧化体系时,不仅能降低反应温度、压力,而且可提高废水中有害物质的降解效率。介绍了氨的湿式空气氧化和超临界水氧化催化剂应用的研究进展、各种催化剂在超临界水中的稳定性能及氨的催化超临界水氧化情况。     

皖江流域及其以南地区的血吸虫病害度区划

皖江流域及其以南地区是安徽省血吸虫病害的主要区域。本文通过对血吸虫病害的孕灾环境,致灾因子和承灾体的分析,探讨了血吸虫病害的区划指标,并进行了病害度分区。     

宁夏供港蔬菜田土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

农田土壤重金属污染会影响蔬菜作物的生长发育及产量,同时也会影响蔬菜的品质与口感,长期以来通过食物链传递和富集,最终对人体健康造成一定危害.因此为探明宁夏多年多茬种植供港蔬菜后其土壤重金属分布特征,预测其生态风险,分析其污染形成原因,于2019~2021年连续3 a采集了477个宁夏供港蔬菜田表层土壤样本,分析As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn和 Ni 这8种重金属含量和分布特征,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对宁夏供港蔬菜田土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,利用Pearson相关分析和主成分分析法解析了宁夏供港蔬菜田重金属来源.结果表明,宁夏供港蔬菜田土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Cu和Zn含量均值高于宁夏土壤背景值,但8种重金属含量均低于国内农用地土壤风险筛选值;在空间分布上,As、Cr和Ni在研究区西北部、中部以及南部出现连片高值区,Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和Cu在研究区西北部与南部出现高值响应;单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法表明,宁夏供港蔬菜田土壤整体处于清洁水平;地累积指数法结果显示研究区污染以Hg和Cd污染为主,污染区域主要集中在研究区西北部和南部;潜在生态风险指数显示Hg和Cd为主要风险元素,其中Hg以中等、较强和很强生态风险为主,分别占比44.65 %、44.65 %和1.26 %,Cd以中等、较强为主,占比65.83 %和3.56 %;综合Pearson相关分析和主成分分析表明,8种重金属污染来源可划分为3类,Ⅰ为自然源:Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Ni和Cr;Ⅱ为农业源:Cd;Ⅲ为工业源和农业源:Hg.综合来看,供港蔬菜田土壤重金属均无超标现象,土壤环境条件良好,宁夏供港蔬菜生产整体处于安全水平.研究结果可为宁夏供港菜田土壤安全利用和供港蔬菜安全生产、合理施肥、农艺运筹以及种植结构调整等提供帮助.     

Variations in the coral community at the high-latitude Bailong Peninsula,northern South China Sea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High-latitude coral communities have attracted much attention due to their potential as refuges during global climate change. However, this function...     

Current status of indoor dust PBDE pollution and its physical burden and health effects on children

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely detected in indoor dust, which has been identified as a more important route of PBDE exposure for...     

郑州市公交车队电动化减污降碳环境效益

公交车队电动化是道路交通部门实现减污降碳的重要手段,评估当前公交车队电动化减排成效,对推进大中型城市公交全面电动化具有重要参考意义.基于燃料生命周期法分析了郑州市公交车队电动化前后CO₂和污染物排放特征,并评估了不同电动化情景下的车队排放.结果表明,本轮电动化使公交车队燃料生命周期内CO₂和PM_2.5排放量分别增长32.6%和42.6%,CO、NO_x和VOC排放量下降了28%,34%和25%.优化发电结构对于电动化过程中的CO₂及PM_2.5减排尤为重要,在全面电动化和发电结构优化的最佳情景下,CO₂、CO、NO_x、VOC和PM_2.5减排可达38.7%、80.1%、84.4%、92.2%、30.2%.在全面电动化进程中,应优先对中长里程线路车辆进行电动化替换,此外,插电混动天然气车型的纯电动化替换对减排利弊兼有,同步推进车队替换和电力结构调整进程才能实现减污降碳协同增效.