浅析化工企业环境风险评价

化工企业的许多产品、中间体、原料大都属于易燃、易爆或有毒的危险品,同时由于风险事故本身的不确定性,项目的环境风险定量分析难度很大。因此,化工企业环境风险评价已经成为中国建设项目环境影响评价工作中的重点及难点。笔者结合工作实践,对化工项目环境风险评价中风险识别、源项分析、后果计算、风险评价及风险管理等方面的评价方法进行了探讨。     

Floating particles with high copper concentration in the sea-surface microlayer

This study sought to clarify whether suspended particles containing high Cu concentrations are present in the sea-surface microlayer (S-SML). For this reason, suspended particles (10–2000 μm) in the S-SML were collected periodically from a ship mooring pond during 2018–2020, and the acid-soluble Cu concentration in the suspended particles was measured as particulate Cu (P-Cu). The highest concentration of P-Cu in the S-SML of the pond was 75 μg L^?1 with a 90th percentile value of 2.5 μg L^?1. This is below P-Cu values reported for the S-SML in North American ports, but 140 times higher than this found in bulk seawater in the Atlantic Ocean. The highest P-Cu concentration in the S-SML of non-organism (abiotic) origin was 17 μg L^?1, and the abiotic P-Cu to P-Cu ratio varied from 0.2 to 100%, likely depending on the quality and quantity of biogenic material in the S-SML samples. It is assumed that the S-SML particles examined here contain high Cu concentrations originating from ship antifouling paints.

     

Variation characteristics of fine particulate matter and its components in diesel vehicle emission plumes

A rapid reaction occurs near the exhaust nozzle when vehicle emissions contact the air. Twenty diesel vehicles were studied using a new multipoint sampling system that is suitable for studying the exhaust plume near the exhaust nozzle. The variation characteristics of fine particle matter (PM_2.5) and its components in diesel vehicle exhaust plumes were analyzed. The PM_2.5 emissions gradually increased with increasing distance from the nozzle in the plume. Elemental carbon emissions remained basically unchanged, organic carbon and total carbon (TC) increased with increasing distance. The concentrations of SO₄^2?, NO₃^? and NH₄⁺ (SNA) directly emitted by the vehicles were very low but increased rapidly in the exhaust plume. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reduced 42.7% TC, 40% NO₃^? emissions, but increased 104% SO₄^2? and 36% NH₄⁺ emissions, respectively. In summary, the SCR reduced 29% primary PM_2.5 emissions for the tested diesel vehicles. The NH₄NO₃ particle formation maybe more important in the plume, and there maybe other forms of formation of NH₄⁺ (eg. NH₄Cl). The generation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) plays a leading role in the generation of secondary PM_2.5. The SCR enhanced the formation of SOC and SNA in the plume, but comprehensive analysis shows that the SCR more enhanced the SNA formation in the plume, which is mainly new particles formation process. The inconsistency between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and primary organic aerosol definitions is one of the important reasons for the difference between SOA simulation and observation.     

实施HSE管理的几点体会

在企业HSE管理的过程中,往往容易在危险源辨识、评价方法应用等方面存在一定的误区.笔者结合工作实际,谈几点肤浅的体会.     

Matrix-bound phosphine in Antarctic biosphere

Phosphine (PH(3)) is a natural gaseous carrier of phosphorus in its geochemical cycles, and it might be of importance to the phosphorus balance of natural ecosystem. For the first time phosphine levels were investigated in the Earth's coldest, driest, and most southerly Antarctic biosphere. Matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) was found in sea animal guanos, ornithogenic sediments and soils. Phosphine concentrations varied with different sea animal guanos. Average phosphine concentrations in empire penguin, gentoo penguin, sea lion, skua and gull guanos were 2.54+/-1.28 ng kg(-1), 6.21+/-2.15 ng kg(-1), 9.12+/-4.66 ng kg(-1), 11.90+/-1.29 ng kg(-1) and 14.55+/-6.74 ng kg(-1), respectively. The contents of phosphorus in these various matrixes have an important effect on MBP concentrations. The levels of phosphine appeared an increasing tendency with the content of TP, IP and OP in sea animal guanos, ornithogenic sediments or soils. The correlation between PH(3) and Fe, Mn, Al in these matrixes was also analyzed and discussed. Phosphine showed an obviously positive correlation with Fe in sea animal guanos. However, excessively high Fe, Al and Mn may inhibit the formation of PH(3) in the ornithogenic soils or sediments in the Antarctic biosphere.     

Temporal dynamics of microcystins in two reservoirs with different trophic status during the early growth stage of cyanobacteria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Harmful cyanobacterial blooms are increasing in frequency and severity, which makes their toxic secondary metabolites of microcystins (MCs) have been...     

Correction to: Floating particles with high copper concentration in the sea-surface microlayer

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14518-w     

Trend reversal from source region to remote tropospheric NO2 columns

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Global tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) changes have different or even opposite impacts on the photochemical formation of ozone in different...     

The influence of carbon emission disclosure on enterprise value under ownership heterogeneity: evidence from the heavily polluting corporations

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Under the background that China puts forth the goals of “Emission Peak” and “Carbon Neutrality”, heavily polluting...     

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water by N-doping ZnS with Zn vacancy: enhancement mechanism of visible light response and electron flow promotion

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to improve the visible light response, N-doping ZnS (N-ZnS) nanospheres with Zn vacancy and porous surface were prepared by a simple one-pot...