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102.
System stability and performance of high-solids anaerobic co-digestion of dewatered sludge (DS) and food waste (FW) in comparison with mono digestions were investigated. System stability was improved in co-digestion systems with co-substrate acting as a diluting agent to toxic chemicals like ammonia or Na+. For high-solids digestion of DS, the addition of FW not only improved system stability but also greatly enhanced volumetric biogas production. For high-solids digestion of FW, the addition of DS could reduce Na+ concentration and help maintain satisfactory stability during the conversion of FW into biogas. System performances of co-digestion systems were mainly determined by the mixing ratios of DS and FW. Biogas production and volatile solids (VSs) reduction in digestion of the co-mixture of DS and FW increased linearly with higher ratios of FW. A kinetic model, which aimed to forecast the performance of co-digestion and to assist reactor design, was developed from long-term semi-continuous experiments. Maximum VS reduction for DS and FW was estimated to be 44.3% and 90.3%, respectively, and first order constant k was found to be 0.17 d?1 and 0.50 d?1, respectively. Experimental data of co-digestion were in good conformity to the predictions of the model. 相似文献
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104.
磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)是重要的生物标志物之一,能够提供有关微生物群落结构的信息。将PLFA分析与稳定性同位素13C示踪技术结合(13C-PLFA),可以指示微生物群落对于环境变化的响应及微生物群落间的相互作用。该技术在土壤生态系统的研究中已得到广泛应用。本文主要基于13C-PLFA技术的研究现状,介绍了该技术的原理和分析方法,举例阐述了13C-PLFA技术在土壤微生物生态学中的应用,包括植物-土壤系统中碳的微生物利用、外源碳的微生物利用、污染物的微生物降解以及在甲烷氧化菌等特定微生物群体的应用。同时分析了13C-PLFA技术在应用中的优缺点,并展望了其未来应用。 相似文献
105.
Yuqing Qiu Xin Wu Yanru Zhang Lingling Xu Youwei Hong Jinsheng Chen Xiaoqiu Chen Junjun Deng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(6):257-266
Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols including black carbon(BC) and brown carbon(BrC)play significant roles in atmospheric radiative properties. One-year measurements of aerosol light absorption at multi-wavelength were continuously conducted in Xiamen,southeast of China in 2014 to determine the light absorption properties including absorption coefficients(σabs) and absorption ?ngstr?m exponent(AAE) in the coastal city.Light absorptions of BC and BrC with their contributions to total light absorption were further quantified. Mean σabsat 370 nm and 880 nm were 56.6 ± 34.3 and 16.5 ± 11.2 Mm-1,respectively. σabspresented a double-peaks diurnal pattern with the maximum in the morning and the minimum in the afternoon. σabswas low in warm seasons and high in cold seasons. AAE ranged from 0.26 to 2.58 with the annual mean of 1.46, implying that both fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning influenced aerosol optical properties. σabsof BrC at 370 nm was 24.0 ± 5.7 Mm-1, contributing 42% to the total absorption. The highest AAE(1.52 ± 0.02) and largest BrC contributions(47% ± 4%) in winter suggested the significant influence of biomass burning on aerosol light absorption. Long-distance air masses passing through North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta led to high AAE and BrC contributions. High AAE value of 1.46 in July indicated that long-range transport of the air pollutants from intense biomass burning in Southeast Asia would affect aerosol light absorption in Southeast China. The study will improve the understanding of light absorption properties of aerosols and the optical impacts of BrC in China. 相似文献
106.
为了考察大气细颗粒物水溶性成分与过敏性疾病的相关性,对北京市石景山区PM2.5中水溶性离子分布特征进行分析,对文献中报道的有机酸浓度进行总结,选取其中9种典型水溶性无机盐(硝酸铵、硫酸铵、氯化铵、硝酸钠、无水硫酸钠、硝酸钾、硫酸钾、硝酸钙、硫酸钙)及3种水溶性有机酸(丙二酸、丁二酸、乙二酸)进行肥大细胞激活实验,观察上述成分经IgE及非IgE途径对肥大细胞β-Hex释放率的影响.结果表明:铵离子、硝酸离子和硫酸离子是研究区PM2.5中占比最大的3种离子,丙二酸、丁二酸、乙二酸是北京市PM2.5中3种浓度较高的水溶性有机酸.非IgE途径下,100μg·mL-1的9种水溶性无机盐和80μg·mL(-1(的3种水溶性有机酸均无法提高肥大细胞β-Hex释放率.IgE途径下,仅观察到80μg·mL-1丙二酸能使肥大细胞β-Hex释放率提高约3%,其增敏作用还需进一步研究证实.本研究将为进一步研究PM2.5水溶性成分诱发或加重过敏性疾病的潜在机制... 相似文献
107.
Shengjie LIU Manxia ZHANG Xiang LI Xiaojia TANG Lingling ZHANG Yimin ZHU Chengyu YUAN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(4):610-614
To fulfill the requirements of Guidelines for approval of ballast water management system (G8), a set of onshore ballast water treatment equipment utilizing micro-pore ceramic filtration (MPCF) and UV radiation (MPCF&UV) system was designed and set up with a maximum flow rate of 80 m3·h-1. Technical feasibilities of MPCF&UV system were evaluated in three areas: removal efficiencies of indicator organism and oceanic bacteria, perdurability of a ceramic filter, and application on native seawater. The results showed that no indicator organism (Dunaliella ) or oceanic bacteria was detected after treatment of 20 L MPCF and UV radiation at 1.3× 104 μW·s·cm-2. A 20 L ceramic filter can run continuously for 5.3 h at the flow rate of 15 m3·h-1 before its pressure drop up to 0.195 MPa. The removal percentage of total plankton amounts were 91.9% at a flow rate of 70 m3·h-1 by 80 L MPCF and UV radiation at 1.3× 104 μW·s·cm-2. 相似文献
108.
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa–Caenorhabditis elegans pathogenesis model was utilized to assess immunotoxic effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3). After 2 h of As2O3 exposure, 500 µmol L?1 and 1 mmol L?1 As2O3 treatment significantly decreased median survivals of C. elegans (10 h after L4/adult molt). However, 2 h of As2O3 exposure caused no significant changes in the survivals rates of C. elegans (2 h after L4/adult molt). Notably, a significant dose-related immunoenhancement was observed in C. elegans (2 h after L4/adult molt) after 12 h of arsenite exposure. 相似文献
109.
近年来,经济发展与环境污染之间的关系成了社会经济发展的热点问题。本研究选取东莞市1990-2010年经济与环境数据,探究环境库兹涅茨曲线演替轨迹,得出研究时段内东莞市环境库兹涅茨曲线大体呈“倒U型”特征,其中“倒U型”峰值大约出现在2007年人均GDP为4.51万元时;工业废水、工业废气以及工业废渣排放量3项指标的环境库兹涅茨曲线,分别呈现弱的“倒U型”、“倒U型上升阶段”、“倒U型+倒U型上升阶段”特征。结果表明,东莞市环境库兹涅茨曲线特征与污染物排放量、产业结构、环保政策及投资等有较为密切的关系。结论建议:东莞市可以通过调整产业结构、加大环境保护投资力度等措施促进经济转型,加速“倒U型”曲线后半段的形成。 相似文献
110.
随着纳米技术的广泛应用,越来越多的纳米材料进入污水/污泥中,对污水/污泥的厌氧消化过程产生一定的影响。综述了纳米材料特性利用在厌氧消化过程中产生的影响(吸附还原重金属,作为电子供体提高厌氧消化效能,降解难降解有机物,减少硫化氢等),以及纳米材料可能对厌氧消化系统微生物的影响(释放金属离子毒性,通过吸附作用包被微生物细胞,破坏细胞膜,引起遗传物质损伤等)。提出最大限度降低纳米材料对厌氧消化系统微生物危害以及利用纳米材料特性促进污水/污泥厌氧消化过程的可行性。 相似文献