Spatial and temporal variations of nitrogen pollution in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China

Water quality has degraded dramatically in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, Zhejiang, China, especially due to rapid economic development since 1995. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants (NH??-N, TN, BOD(5), COD(Mn), DO) of water quality in Wen-Rui Tang River watershed, using the geographic information system, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Results showed that concentrations of BOD(5), COD(Mn), NH??-N, and TN were significantly higher in tertiary rivers than in primary and secondary rivers. From April 2006 to March 2007, the concentrations of NH? ?-N (2.25-57.9 mg/L) and TN (3.78-70.4 mg/L) in all samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (≥2 mg/L), while 5.3% of all COD(Mn) (1.83-27.5 mg/L) and 33.6% of all BOD(5) (0.34-50.4 mg/L) samples exceeded Type V national water quality standards (COD(Mn)?≥ 15 mg/L, BOD(5)?≥ 10 mg/L). Monthly changes of pollutant concentrations did not show a clear pattern, but correlation analysis indicated that NH??-N and TN in tertiary rivers had a significant negative correlation with 5-day cumulative rainfall and monthly rainfall, while there were no significant correlations in primary and secondary rivers. The results of CA and spatial analysis showed that the northern part of Wen-Rui Tang River watershed was the most seriously polluted. This region is characterized by the high population density and industrial and commercial activities. The PCA and spatial analysis indicated that the degraded water quality is caused by anthropogenic activities and poor wastewater management.     

Ru/ZrO2催化剂高温焙烧对NO催化氧化反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列负载Ru催化剂,并将其应用于NO催化氧化反应.同时,对Ru/ZrO2样品在不同温度下进行焙烧处理,并通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对不同温度焙烧的Ru/ZrO2进行表征,根据表征结果对导致Ru/ZrO2催化活性下降的原因进行了探讨.结果表明,Ru/ZrO2催化剂具有很好的催化活性,在空速为180000h-1条件下,275℃时即可获得93%的NO转化率.高温焙烧会导致Ru/ZrO2催化活性明显下降.     

Toxicological effects involved in risk assessment of rare earth lanthanum on roots of Vicia faba L. seedlings

Combined chemical analyses and biological measurements were utilized to investigate potential toxicological effects and possible mechanisms involved in risk assessment of rare earth elements (REEs) on Vicia faba L. seedlings, which were hydroponically cultivated and exposed to various concentrations of lanthanum (La) for 15 days. The results showed that La contents in both the solution and roots increased with the increase of extraneous La, contributing to hormetic dose responses of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and endoprotease (EP) isozymes activities, and HSP 70 production enhanced at low doses but suppressed at higher doses of La. These physiological responses constituted antioxidant and detoxification systems against La-induced oxidative stress. The elevated La levels also contributed to oxidatively modified proteins, which were most responsible for subsequent cell death and growth retardation of the roots. By combination of hormetic and traditional threshold dose levels, the threshold dose range was deduced to be 108-195 μg La/g dry weight in the roots, corresponding to 0.90-3.12 mg/L of soluble La in the culture solution. It suggests that persistent applications of REEs may lead to potential ecological risk in the environment.     

餐厨垃圾中温干法厌氧消化快速启动实验研究

为研究餐厨垃圾在进行干法厌氧消化时,利用高含固率消化液作为接种物进行快速启动的可行性,采用两组分别含有低含固率消化液和高含固率消化液的平行反应器,研究了在(35±1)℃完全混合反应器(CSTR)中进行的餐厨垃圾干法厌氧消化的启动性能.结果表明,在同样43d的启动过程中,使用高含固率消化液作为接种物的反应器的有机负荷可成功地增加到10.0kg·m-3·d-1(以VS计),而使用低含固率消化液作为接种物的反应器的有机负荷只能达到3.5kg·m-3·d-1(以VS计).与传统启动相比,快速启动没有停滞期,且拥有较短的恢复期;快速启动的启动速度是传统启动的2.5倍.恢复期之后,在相同的有机负荷下,快速启动的沼气和甲烷产率、甲烷产量及VS降解率都较传统启动呈现出较好的性能.     

Polyphenylene sulfide based anion exchange fiber: Synthesis, characterization and adsorption of Cr(VI)

A fibrous strong base anion exchanger (QAPPS) was prepared for the first time via chloromethylation and quaternary amination reaction of polyphenylene sulfide fiber (PPS), and its physical-chemical structure and adsorption behavior for Cr(VI) were characterized by FT-IR, Energy Dispersive Spectrometry, TG-DTG, elemental analysis and batch adsorptive technique, respectively. The novel fibrous adsorbent could effectively adsorb Cr(VI) over the pH range 1-12, the maximum adsorption capacity was 166.39 mg/g at pH 3.5, and the adsorption behavior could be described well by Langmuir isotherm equation model. The adsorption kinetics was studied using pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order models, and the t_1/2 and equilibrium adsorption time were 5 and 20 min respectively when initial Cr(VI) concentration was 100 mg/L. The saturated fibers could be regenerated rapidly by a mixed solution of 0.5 mol/L NaOH and 0.5 mol/L NaCl, and the adsorption capacity was well maintained after six adsorption-desorption cycles.     

改性膨润土处理酸性大红的实验研究

文章对膨润土分别进行了钠化、酸化和铁柱撑改性的研究,并利用改性后的膨润土处理酸性大红模拟废水,比较了不同改性后膨润土处理模拟废水的效果,确定较优的改性方法和最佳反应条件。实验结果表明,酸改性膨润土对酸性大红模拟废水的处理效果优于钠化改性膨润土和铁柱撑改性膨润土。对于50 mL酸性大红模拟废水,在酸改性膨润土的投加量为1.0 g、pH为3、反应时间为60 min时,COD去除率可达65%以上,色度去除率可达85%以上。     

河北测震台网地震交互处理系统定位结果的比较研究

利用"十五"系统对所选取的地震事件进行了重新定位,将震中位置与"九五"系统输出的地震目录进行对比分析,得到两套系统在定位结果方面的一致性。同时,对HYP02000和HYPOSAT两种定位方法的适用性进行了比较。     

异方差线性EV模型T-型估计在确定面波震级与地震矩关系式中的应用

一般线性回归模型都假设预测变量不含误差,所有模型误差均集中于响应变量且服从正态分布,而许多实际应用中的变量并不符合这些假设,如有的问题难以明确预测变量和响应变量,观测样本集受到污染而含有离群值。当假设受到破坏时,得到的估计参数往往不能真实反映变量间的线性关系,导致模型不可用。为在假设受到破坏时也能得到正确的模型,提出异方差线性EV模型的T-型回归估计模型,利用最大似然估计原理,给出了T-型回归估计参数表达式和求解方法。最后将模型与方法来确定面波震级与地震矩关系公式,并与其他方法比较检验,取得了较好的结果,对于研究该地区历史地震矩释放估计具有重要的科学意义。本文给出的模型和方法还可以在地震地质、灾害学等等领域得到应用,即用于变量间统计关系式的确定,如b值的稳健估计等。     

Evaluation of the sustainable land use status of the North China Plain

The North China Plain is one of the most important production areas for wheat and maize in China, and also has the densest agricultural population in China. How to use and develop the limited land resources reasonably, and improve and protect them, have become issues of major concern. This paper is based on sustainability theory, reviewing the fundamental principles of sustainability, and developing an index system with which to evaluate the sustainability status of land use. We also use this method to evaluate the land-use status of the North China Plain and to analyze current factors affecting sustainable land use in this area. In addition, we propose a specific method for evaluating sustainable land use.