铜锈环棱螺室内实验条件优化

铜锈环棱螺作为一种新兴的潜在生态毒理学模式生物,适宜实验条件是开展其室内毒理学研究的基础。在人为控制条件下,初步探讨了饵料、水深、底质、密度和钙离子浓度养殖条件对铜锈环棱螺成体生长的影响,并进一步对麻醉条件进行了筛选(Mg Cl2·2H2O、乙醇、丁香酚、盐酸普鲁卡因和MS-222)。结果表明:当投喂冰鲜小球藻、密度6个·L-1水体积、水深10~15cm、泥土底质并且水中钙离子浓度30 mg·L-1时,铜锈环棱螺的体重增长最为明显。麻醉效果表明,Mg Cl2·2H2O对成螺的麻醉时间短并且伤害小,可作为实验用麻醉剂首选。以上研究结果为发展以铜锈环棱螺为模式生物开展环境(生态)毒理学研究奠定了基础。     

科技创新在生态文明建设中的作用和贡献

科技创新是第一生产力,生态文明建设同样需要依靠科技创新来支撑。本文通过分析科技创新与生态文明建设的关系,定量化分析了科技进步对污染减排的重要贡献作用,识别了现阶段科技创新促进生态文明建设的主要途径,并从提高科学认识、构建指标体系、研发关键创新技术、完善政策体系、培养科技人才等方面提出未来依靠科技创新促进生态文明建设的战略对策。     

EKC analysis for studying economic growth and environmental quality: a case study in China

Compared with the extensive research on the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in developed countries, there is a paucity of an empirical research on studying the relation for developing countries. Based upon the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory, this paper develops regression models for investigating the relationship between economic growth and environmental quality in China. The EKC analysis based on six pollution indices is illustrated with a case study in Jiaxing of Zhejiang, China.     

Characterization of solid waste disposed at Columbia Sanitary Landfill in Missouri.

Waste sorts were conducted during each of the four quarters (or seasons) of 1996 at the City of Columbia Sanitary Landfill. A detailed physical sampling protocol was outlined. Weight fractions of 32 waste components were quantified from all geographic areas that contribute to the Columbia Sanitary Landfill using a two-way stratification method, which accounted for variations in geographical regions and seasons. Comparisons of solid waste generated between locations and seasons were conducted at the 80% confidence level. The composition of the entire waste stream was 41% paper, 21% organic, 16% plastic, 6% metal, 3% glass and 13% other waste. Paper was the largest composition and glass was the smallest composition for all geographical regions. The result of this study was also compared with a 1987 Columbia, Missouri study conducted by EIERA (1987), with studies conducted in other states such as Minnesota, Wisconsin, Oregon and with national study conducted by the USEPA (USEPA 530-R-96-001, PB96-152 160. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC). The results of studies from other states are different from this study due to different local conditions, different methodologies and a different scope. There was a small (5%) increase in per capita weight from 1987 to 1996. The total per capita weight in the present study was 60% greater than the national per capita weight reported by the USEPA (1996) due to that the USEPA report excluded industrial, construction and certain commercial waste. The total per capita weight agrees with the national per capita weight for municipal waste reported by Tchobanoglous (1993), which included industrial, construction and commercial sources. The geographical and seasonal effects on the waste composition are evaluated and discussed. Statistical analysis indicates that waste characteristics are different among geographical regions and seasons. The potential for waste recovery and reduction is also discussed.     

混凝——吸附法处理油墨废水工艺研究

采用不同无机混凝剂及氧化还原剂对打印机生产中的油墨废水的混凝及脱色效果进行试验比较，确定了实验室工艺条件及各种混凝剂最佳用量及次序。结果表明，该工艺脱色率达１００％，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率达５１％。     

论上海环保产业的技术支持系统

论述了上海环保产业技术支持系统的构成,并对进一步发挥该系统的作用,提出了建议和措施。     

Enhancement of municipal sludge dewaterability by electrochemical pretreatment

Electrolysis is a promising technology to improve sludge dewaterability efficiently with negligible environmental impact. To intensify the electrolytic efficiency, the effect of electrolytes (NaCl, Na₂SO₄, NaNO₃, and NaClO₄) on electrolysis pretreatment of municipal sludge and its mechanisms was investigated using Ti/PbO₂ electrodes. The electrolytes, which enhanced the production of oxidative radicals, showed a significant synergetic effect in reducing the capillary suction time (CST) of sludge. NaCl was distinguished from the other electrolytes since it formed a large amount of active chlorine species, which oxidized the sludge cells to improve the sludge dewaterability. The surface morphologies as well as the soluble proteins and polysaccharides were analyzed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of sludge dewaterability. Additionally, an economic assessment showed that NaCl addition in the electrolysis pretreatment can be a suitable technique for enhancing municipal sludge dewaterability.     

早始新世气候适宜期形成机制探讨

早始新世气候适宜期发生在53?—?51 Ma,是新生代早期一段气候持续温暖时期.与中中新世气候适宜期和上新世气候适宜期相比,早始新世气候适宜期更加温暖.对于该时期驱动机制的理解有助于深入认识未来温暖气候状况的变化.本文总结了前人提出的构造尺度气候变化的假说,推断出早始新世气候适宜期可能是由于板块构造活动变化导致的温室气体变化所造成,而星际暗物质变化对早始新世气候适宜期的影响有待进一步评估.