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41.
Biomarker responses and reproductive toxicity of the effluent from a Chinese large sewage treatment plant in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present study was conducted to assess the potential toxicity of the effluent from a large sewage treatment plant (GBD-STP) in Beijing. Japanese medakas (Oryzias latipes) at reproduction active period were exposed to a serial of graded concentrations of the effluent or 100 ng l-1 of 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2, positive control). Growth, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), reproductive success, induction potency of vitellogenin (VTG) in male fish and that of 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity (EROD) in male fish liver were used as test endpoints. The growth suppression of fish was observed in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in significant differences in both body length and body weight of medaka above 5% effluent. This effluent can inhibit the growth of gonad of medakas and are more sensitive to male than to female. At exposure concentration of 40% and higher, there was an unexpected decrease of HSI values, which may be resulted from sub-lethal toxicity of effluent to fish liver. VTG of plasma in males were induced in all exposure concentration levels, but not in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of 5% effluent would be the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) affecting reproductive success when examining fertile individuals, fecundity and fertilization rate. The overt CYP1A response and higher reproductive toxicity may be indicative of low process efficiency of this STP. 相似文献
42.
Baseline soil levels of PCDD/Fs established prior to the construction of municipal solid waste incinerators in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In order to determine the baseline contamination by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in different areas in China, prior to the construction of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), a total of 32 representative soil samples was collected near 16 incinerators and analyzed for their PCDD/F concentrations. The PCDD/F baseline concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 0.32 to 11.4 ng I-TEQ kg−1 (dry matter), with average and median value of 2.73 and 2.24 ng I-TEQ kg−1 (dry matter), respectively, and a span between maximum and minimum recorded value of 36. The PCDD homologues predominated in 26 out of 32 soil samples, with the ratio (PCDDs)/(PCDFs) ranging from 1.1 to 164; however in the other 6 samples, PCDF homologues were larger, with the same ratio varying from 0.04 to 0.8. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to examine PCDD/F amount and profile in these soil samples, and their possible associations with known emission sources: in this process 6 really distinct isomer fingerprints were identified. Background PCDD/F levels and profiles were comparable to those found in soils from China and other countries and indicate a rather low baseline PCDD/F contamination of soils. The present data provide the tools for future assessment of a possible impact of these MSWIs. 相似文献
43.
本文通过对大气质量模式发展历史的回顾,及其发展趋势的讨论,认为城市大气质量预报模式的建立与发展主要受以下三个动态因素的支配:(1)政府环境管理目标;(2)科学进步;(3)计算机及信息处理和通讯技术。结合三要素就建立我国城市空气质量预报系统框架进行了讨论。 相似文献
44.
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46.
Snowmobile use in Yellowstone National Park has been shown to impact air quality, with implications for the safety and welfare
of Park staff and other Park resource values. Localized impacts have been documented at several high-use sites in the Park,
but the broader spatial variability of snowmobile emissions and air quality was not understood. Measurements of 87 volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) were made for ambient air sampled across the Park and West Yellowstone, Montana, during 2 days of
the 2002–2003 winter use season, 1 year before the implementation of a new snowmobile policy. The data were compared with
similar data from pristine West Coast sites at similar latitudes. Backward trajectories of local air masses, alkyl nitrate-parent
alkane ratios, and atmospheric soundings were used to identify the VOC sources and assess their impact. Different oversnow
vehicle types used in the Park were sampled to determine their relative influence on air mass pollutant composition. VOCs
were of local origin and demonstrated strong spatiotemporal variability that is primarily influenced by levels of snowmobile
traffic on given road segments at different times of day. High levels of snowmobile traffic in and around West Yellowstone
produced consistently high levels of benzene, toluene, and carbon monoxide. 相似文献
47.
浅析温室效应及控制对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
由于近年来人口激增、人类活动频繁,矿物燃料用量猛增,再加上森林植被破坏,大气中的温室气体含量不断增加,造成了温室效应加剧,将会导致全球变暖,海平面升高,给生态环境及人类健康等多方面带来影响。只有设法减少燃料的使用量,开发新能源,广泛植树造林,禁止砍伐森林,有效地控制人口,才能减缓温室效应的加剧。 相似文献
48.
Ge Sun Changqing Zuo Shiyu Liu Mingliang Liu Steven G. McNulty James M. Vose 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(5):1164-1175
Abstract: Natural forests in southern China have been severely logged due to high human demand for timber, food, and fuels during the past century, but are recovering in the past decade. The objective of this study was to investigate how vegetation cover changes in composition and structure affected the water budgets of a 9.6‐km2 Dakeng watershed located in a humid subtropical mountainous region in southern China. We analyzed 27 years (i.e., 1967‐1993) of streamflow and climate data and associated vegetation cover change in the watershed. Land use/land cover census and Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from remote sensing were used to construct historic land cover change patterns. We found that over the period of record, annual streamflow (Q) and runoff/precipitation ratio did not change significantly, nor did the climatic variables, including air temperature, Hamon’s potential evapotranspiration (ET), pan evaporation, sunshine hours, and radiation. However, annual ET estimated as the differences between P and Q showed a statistically significant increasing trend. Overall, the NDVI of the watershed had a significant increasing trend in the peak spring growing season. This study concluded that watershed ecosystem ET increased as the vegetation cover shifted from low stock forests to shrub and grasslands that had higher ET rates. A conceptual model was developed for the study watershed to describe the vegetation cover‐streamflow relationships during a 50‐year time frame. This paper highlighted the importance of eco‐physiologically based studies in understanding transitory, nonstationary effects of deforestation or forestation on watershed water balances. 相似文献
49.
污泥龄对LSP & PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效能的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过研究分析污泥龄(SRT)对富磷污水除磷的LSP&PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效果的影响,结果发现,延长污泥龄有利于提高系统的厌氧释磷能力,但不影响其总的除磷率,同时磷的回收比例增大,当SRT=50 d时,磷回收率取得最大值70.4%;LSP&PNR系统污泥龄增加,还有利于污泥产率的降低。试验还发现,排富磷污水除磷的长污泥龄LSP&PNR系统的除磷效率与污泥产率之间不存在制约关系,即系统可以同时获得优异的污泥减量与生物除磷效果,当SRT=50 d时,每降解1 kg COD仅产生0.143 kg污泥,而除磷率达最高值928%;LSP&PNR系统中SRT、DO与SVI之间存在一定的相关性,在供氧充足(DO=0.8~1.5 mg/L)条件下,SRT增加,SVI越高,但对于SRT为50 d的LSP&PNR系统,稳定运行时没有污泥膨胀之虞。 相似文献
50.
采用有限元方法 ,考虑在静载和动载共同作用下 ,对常压立式拱顶储油罐的地震应力进行了计算分析 ,给出了轴向应力的分布状态 ;并与相关抗震设计规范中的验算公式得出的结果进行了比较。结果表明 :由于地震的动力作用 ,储油罐的受力状态不是均匀分布 ,出现了峰值和谷值 ,而这些应力峰值大于工业设备抗震鉴定标准和石油化工设备抗震鉴定标准中公式的计算应力值 ,这应引起足够的注意。 相似文献