宏观环境督察信息获取机制研究

本文对信息获取过程中的信息来源分析方法、信息采集方法、信息检索方法、信息加工方法进行了简要介绍,并将上述信息获取方法用于宏观环境督察信息获取过程中,研究了宏观环境督察信息获取机制,并对宏观环境督察信息获取过程进行了详细地分析,为后续的宏观环境督察信息发布提供了基础。     

Treatment of Dichloromethane Using Gliding Arc Plasma

Decomposition of dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂) using a gliding plasma was examined and reported in this paper. The effects of initial concentrations of CH₂Cl₂, total gas flow rates, and input frequency have been studied to evaluate the performance of gliding arc on CH₂Cl₂ decomposition. Using atmospheric pressure air as the carrier gas, experimental results indicate that the maximum conversion of CH₂Cl₂ was 95.1% at a total gas flow rate of 180 L/hr containing 1% by volume of CH₂Cl₂. The reaction occurred at an exothermic condition and gaseous products are dominated by CO, CHCl₃, and Cl₂. CO₂ and CCl₄ are also detected in the product stream in small amounts. The conversion of CH₂Cl₂ increases with the increasing applied voltage and decreasing total gas flow rate.     

全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)Ⅱ:模型校验

以采用AAO污水处理工艺的德清县狮山污水处理厂作为全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM3)校验的现场试验基地,分别进行了常规水质指标测定和进水水质特征分析等试验研究,依据现场试验结果,完成了对活性污泥系统生物去除营养物质细观机理模型FCASM3的校验工作,动态校验结果表明,FCASM3模型可以对AAO连续流工艺系统实现较准确的细观模拟,营养物质生物去除过程的动态数值模拟结果与实测结果相一致.     

微生物处理技术在有机污染物降解中的应用

微生物处理有机污染物是一种费用低,效果好,无二次污染且操作简单的处理方法。综述了国内外几种微生物处理有机污染物技术的研究进展。     

基于GIS环境管理平台聚类分析的实现

高效数字化管理技术是我国环境管理工作的关键和必然趋势。地理信息系统和多元统计方法虽然在环境管理中已经得到一定程度的应用,但这两种高效工具几乎处于"脱节"状态;文章在GIS平台上有效地集成了系统聚类分析方法,有利于区域环境质量管理对空间海量数据的分析,文章重点介绍了系统聚类谱系图的生成算法与绘制中的难点,并用实例验证了该算法的可靠性和实用性。     

阴离子粘土(LDH)吸附腐殖酸的动力学研究

利用实验室制备的镁铝阴离子粘土材料,研究其吸附水中腐殖酸的动力学.研究结果表明:在初始浓度10～40 mg/L及温度298～323 K的范围内,阴离子粘土对水中腐殖酸的吸附动力学符合拟二级速率方程;阴离子粘土对腐殖酸的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,吸附是吸热反应,吸附量随温度升高而略有增加,但吸附表观活化能只有15.36 kJ/mol,说明温度对此吸附的影响并不显著.     

利用化学沉淀法降低焦化废水氨氮浓度的预处理工艺研究

为了有效净化高浓度氨氮工业废水,采用向废水中投加MgCl2·6H2O和Na3PO4·12H2O生成磷酸氨镁沉淀的方法,以去除其中的高浓度氨氮。结果表明,在pH值为9.0,Mg^2＋、NH4^＋、PO4^3-的摩尔比为1.2：1：0.9,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为20 min,沉淀时间为50 min的条件下,氨氮质量浓度可由3 100 mg/l降低到56mg/l,去除率达到98%以上,为后续生化处理创造了条件。     

开发区环境管理指标体系研究

开发区环境管理指标体系研究是建立开发区环境管理综合体系的基础性工作,也是考核开发区生态环境建设与管理效果的定量评价工具。本文在探讨环境管理指标体系的确定原则、选择和量化等基础上。提出了一套包括环境保护指标、循环经济指标、绿色管理指标和相关性指标四类指标在内的环境管理综合指标体系。并将该指标体系应用于杭州钱江经济开发区的环境管理实践。结果表明,杭州钱江经济开发区的环境管理完善程度总得分为74．6％,总体上还有待进一步完善,特别是ISO14001管理体系认证和环境质量改善等方面有待进一步加强。     

Simulating mesoscale transport and diffusion of radioactive noble gases using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model

In order to simulate the impact of mesoscale wind fields and to assess potential capability of atmospheric Lagrangian particle dispersion model (LPDM) as an emergency response model for the decision supports, two different simulations of LPDM with the mesoscale prognostic model MM5 (Mesoscale Model ver. 5) were driven. The first simulation of radioactive noble gas ((85)Kr exponent) emitted during JCO accident occurred from 30 September to 3 October 1999 at Tokai, Japan showed that the first arriving short pulse was found in Tsukuba located at 60km away from the accidental area. However, the released radioactive noble gas was transported back to the origin site about 2 days later due to the mesoscale meteorological wind circulation, enhancing the levels of (85)Kr with the secondary peak in Tsukuba. The second simulation of atmospheric dilution factors (the ratio of concentration to the emission rate, chi/Q), during the underground nuclear test (UNT) performed by North Korea showed that high chi/Q moved to the eastward and extended toward southward in accordance with the mesoscale atmospheric circulations generated by mesoscale prognostic model MM5. In comparison with the measurements, the simulated horizontal distribution patterns of (85)Kr during the JCO are well accord with that of observation in Tsukuba such as the existence of secondary peak which is associated with the mesoscale circulations. However, the simulated level of (85)Kr anomaly was found to be significantly lower than the observations, and some interpretations on these discrepancies were described. Applications of LPDM to two mesoscale emergency response dispersion cases suggest the potential capability of LPDM to be used as a decision support model provided accurate emission rate of accident in case of a large accident.     

The cycle characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron pattern and topography at multi-scales in Gurbantunggut Desert, China

We employed ecologically using Mexh and Mori wavelet methods to analyze the cycle phenomena and their maintaining mechanisms of the Haloxylon ammodendron distribution in complex longitudinal sand ridges (CLSRS). The results showed that ecologically using wavelet can distinguish H. ammodendron distributed in parallel-shaped, lattice-shaped and fork-shaped dunes with a dominant cycle of 165–180 m, 100–110 m and 70–80 m, respectively. Besides the dominant cycle, ecologically using Mori wavelet also showed 2–3 minor small peaks on different scales. The mechanisms to maintain the cycles at multi-scales of H. ammodendron relies on the seed spread, interference intensity in different topography and soil properties. The formations, configurations and presences of the three types of dunes should have some direct relations with the wind fields of the areas where the patterns are located, and also with the ground surface conditions. If the distribution pattern is periodic, meanwhile the abrupt change points are significant; we can predict the H. ammodendron distribution pattern in a certain area.