黄土边坡坡面冲刷的临界坡度

边坡坡面冲刷存在一个临界坡度,边坡坡度接近临界坡度,冲刷量最大。通过能量守恒原理,建立了临界坡度的计算公式,它与边坡坡长以及降雨强度和坡面的粗造程度存在一定的函数关系。通过实例分析了临界坡度和单级坡高的确定,理论分析与工程实践基本一致,说明理论分析是合理可行的。     

Distribution,bioavailability, and potential ecological risk of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soil in a potential groundwater source area

In this study, we examined three horizontal and vertical soil profiles along a sewage drainage ditch in order to determine the spatial distribution of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils and to assess the bioavailability and potential ecological risks associated with these metals in a potential groundwater source area. Results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn were approximately at background level, suggesting that human activities (industrial and agricultural pollution) had a negligible influence on these metals in soil, and that the concentrations reflected the natural background levels in the study area. Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations were slightly higher in topsoil (0–20 cm) than deeper in the soil profile. Using a modified BCR sequential extraction method to evaluate the mobility and bioavailability of metals showed that the potential bioavailability sequence of Cu, Pb, and Zn at three depths in the soil profile was in the order Cu?≈?Pb?<?Zn. The potential ecological risk from the metals was evaluated using risk assessment code, and the results suggest that Cu and Zn pose no or low risk, while there is a low or medium risk from Pb. Results from groundwater monitoring showed that the groundwater was not polluted by leaching from soil.     

Does the promotion pressure on local officials matter for regional carbon emissions? Evidence based on provincial-level leaders in China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This paper constructs data from 30 provinces in mainland China from 1997 to 2016 and mainly adopts panel data fixed effects models to investigate how the...     

国际湿地保护政策及形式的演变研究

湿地丧失与退化已被公认为全球性的生态环境和社会问题。本文在综述相关文献的基础上,将国际湿地政策的演变划分为三个阶段：20世纪60年代以前的湿地开发期,20世纪60年代至90年代间的政策转型期以及20世纪90年代至今的湿地全面保护期。湿地被围垦、转换为农地是湿地开发期最主要的特质,是导致湿地大量丧失与退化的主要肇因;《湿地公约》的签署标志着国际湿地政策进入转型期阶段,倡导湿地保护与合理利用;而美国政府于上个世纪90年代初期提出的湿地“零净损失”政策目标,成为继《湿地公约》签署后推动全球湿地政策发生深刻改变的最主要驱动力之一,标志着国际湿地政策进入全面保护期阶段。     

Determination of thiocyanate in the vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater

In acidic solution, thiocyanate molecules reacted with ferric ions to produce red complexes. The concentration of thiocyanate could be determined by spectrophotometer. The effects of wavelength, volume of color reagent, acidity and color time on absorbance were investigated. The interferences of co-existing ion were discussed as well. Results showed that the relation between absorbance and the concentration of thiocyanate was in accord with Beer's law when the concentration of thiocyanate was 2-20 mg/L. The linear regression equation was Absorbance = 0.0523 Concentration-0.0156, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The average recovery rates of two kinds of vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater were 100.95% and 99.62%, and relative standard deviations were 0.79% and 0.14% respectively. It shows that the method was quick, high precision, accurate and easy to handle.     

Microalgae cultivation using an aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production

Microalgae as a main feedstock has attracted much attention in recent years but is still not economically feasible due to high algal culture cost. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive eco-friendly technology for cultivating microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis using aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production. Platymonas subcordiformis was grown in pretreated flounder aquaculture wastewaters taken from different stages. Each of wastewater contained different levels of nutrients. The biomass yield of microalgae and associated nitrogen and phosphorous removal were investigated. The results showed that algal cell density increased 8.9 times than the initial level. Platymonas subcordiformis removed nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater with an average removal efficiency of 87%-95% for nitrogen and 98%-99% for phosphorus. It was feasible to couple the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater to algal biomass and biofuel production. However, further studies are required to make this technologies economically viable for algae biofuel production.     

Application of hinokitiol potassium salt for wood preservative

The decay of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi cause significant economic loss. The widely used chromated copper arsenate was prohibited for the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. It was found that natural product hinokitiol (HK) had fungicidal and insecticidal activities, and its toxicity was bearable for the environment. We described the practical synthesis of HK-K salt. According to the GB/T18261-2000 and LY/T1283-1998, wood preservative performance of HK-K salt was tested. The results showed that the best inhibitory concentration of HK-K salt was 50 mg/L, for which the prevention effectiveness on mold is better, the killed value is between 0 and 1, and the corrosion-resistant for wood-rotting fungi is grade A.     

滇池柴河小流域暴雨径流氨氮的输移过程研究

氨氮通过暴雨径流的冲刷和土壤颗粒物的携带进入水体,对受纳河流、湖泊造成污染。以柴河小流域为单元,从输出源、输移过程、河道汇集过程这几个方面对2011年7、8月2场暴雨径流中的氨氮进行分析。结果表明:氨氮主要是吸附于土壤颗粒表面进行输移,所以土壤颗粒流失是氨氮流失控制的关键;氨氮浓度跟沉降时间的Pearson相关性均在-0.855(P<0.05)之上,呈显著负相关;2场暴雨中,均是颗粒物粒径小于0.000 8 mm的水样的氨氮浓度较大,说明粒径较小的颗粒物对氨氮的吸附量较大;氨氮的入河系数与污染源及输移过程氨氮含量的Pearson相关性在0.914(P<0.05)以上,说明入河系数与污染源及输移过程含量密切相关。氨氮的入河系数为0.12⁰.22,说明研究区域80%以上的氨氮被边坡、沟渠截留,效果良好,值得认真对待。     

珠江三角洲地区亚运期间颗粒物污染特征

为研究2010年广州亚运会期间珠江三角洲地区颗粒物污染特征,2010年11月11日—30日分别在广州市区城市点及下风向鹤山区域点采集24h颗粒物样品,对其主要化学组分(有机碳OC、元素碳EC和水溶性离子)进行测量.结果显示,观测期间广州和鹤山PM2.5平均质量浓度分别为(73.3±16.5)μg·m-3和(98.2±20.8)μg·m-3.鹤山PM10平均浓度高达131.6μg·m-3,且PM2.5占PM10的74%,表明区域PM2.5污染凸显.广州和鹤山PM2.5中二次无机离子(SNA)分别占39%和42%,有机物(OM)分别占31%和26%,EC分别占5%和6%.根据EC示踪法粗略估算,广州和鹤山PM2.5中一次有机碳POC分别占15%和13%,二次有机碳SOC分别占4%和3%.总体上,广州和鹤山PM2.5中二次生成(SNA+SOA)均约占50%,表明珠江三角洲地区PM2.5区域性二次污染的特征.广州市区PM2.5及SNA、Cl-和EC明显低于区域点鹤山浓度水平;与2004年同期研究(PRIDE-PRD2004)结果相比,气象条件相似,而广州市区PM2.5及EC浓度分别显著降低达29.6μg·m-3(29%)和3.5μg·m-3(49%),反映出亚运期间一次排放得到有效控制.     

浊度对混凝-纳滤组合工艺的影响

主要研究了不同浊度对混凝过程中的腐殖酸及高岭土去除率的影响。结果表明:随着高岭土投加浓度提高,混凝出水中腐殖酸去除率逐渐增大,而高岭土去除率降低;利用激光粒度仪对不同浊度条件下形成的絮体尺寸进行测定,结果表明:随着原水中高岭土投加浓度的增加,混凝出水形成的絮体尺寸逐渐增大,相应纳滤过程的出水通量得到明显改善;污染膜片的SEM显示,提高高岭土浓度在膜表面可形成更为疏松的滤饼层,并有效改善混凝出水的纳滤膜出水通量变化。