4-硝基酚对大鼠肝脏的毒性及氧化损伤

研究环境内分泌干扰物4-硝基酚(4-nitrophenol,PNP)对大鼠肝脏功能的毒性作用及其对核因子相关因子-2(Nrf2)通路的影响.20只SD雄性大鼠随机分成4个组,分别为对照组、1、10和100 mg·kg-1体重PNP处理组,连续皮下注射28d,检测肝脏的结构变化、氧化损伤和Nrf2及其相关基因的表达情况.结果表明,与对照组相比,100 mg·kg-1PNP处理组大鼠的血清肝功能主要指标ALT、AST、AKP活性和TBIL含量显著性升高p＜005);100 mg·kg-1组肝脏GSH-PX、CAT和SOD活性显著性降低p＜005);大鼠肝脏中Nrf2及其下游基因NQOI和HO-1 mRNA表达水平在1mg·kg-1组显著升高(p＜0.05),10、100 mg·kg-1组有升高趋势;100 mg ·kg-1组肝脏显微和超微结构都发现有不同程度的损伤.结果提示,皮下注射1 mg·kg-1 PNP引起了大鼠肝脏氧化损伤,机体可能通过提高Nrf2及其相关基因mRNA的表达水平来抵抗PNP引起的肝脏损伤;皮下注射100 mg·kg-1 PNP改变了肝脏的正常生理功能,造成肝细胞超微结构病理损伤,引起肝脏毒性.     

吡草醚原药对大鼠胚胎及胎仔发育的影响

经口染毒大鼠检测妊娠动物接触吡草醚原药后引起致畸的可能性,初步评价吡草醚原药致畸危害程度。依据《GB15670-1995农药登记毒理学试验方法》,选用的大鼠按雄、雌2:1比例同笼交配,次日清晨阴道涂片检查雌鼠,发现精子即确定为受孕第0天,设低、中、高三个剂量组(18.56、92.80、464.00 mg·(kg·d)-1)、一个阴性对照组和一个阳性对照组。在雌鼠受孕第6~15天灌胃给予受试物,连续共10天,在妊娠第19.5天,处死孕鼠检查胚胎发育情况。高剂量组和阳性对照组大鼠孕期体重增重值降低,差异有显著性(p0.05);中、高剂量组和阳性对照组大鼠吸收胎率与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性(p0.05);中、高剂量组和阳性对照组胎鼠重量与阴性对照组比较,差异有显著性(p0.01);阳性对照组胎鼠外观畸形明显,与阴性对照组比较差异有显著性(p0.01);各剂量组胎鼠外观畸形与阴性对照组比较,差异均无显著性(p0.05);中、高剂量组组和阳性对照组胎鼠骨骼及内脏畸形例数明显增多,差异有显著性(p0.01)。实验结果表明吡草醚原药中、高剂量组可明显影响雌鼠体重增长及其胚胎的发育。     

Novel synthetic approaches and TWC catalytic performance of flower-like Pt/CeO2

A novel Ultrasonic Assisted Membrane Reduction （UAMR）-hydrothermal method was used to prepare flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts. The texture, physical/chemical properties, and reducibility of the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）, Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM）, N2 adsorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction （HE-TPR） techniques. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for treating automobile emission was studied relative to samples prepared by the conventional wetness impregnation method. The Pt/CeO2 catalysts fabricated by this novel method showed high specific surface area and metal dispersion, excellent three-way catalytic activity, and good thermal stability. The strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO2 improved the thermal stability. The Ce4＋ ions were incorporated into the surfactant chains and the Pt nanoparticles were stabilized through an exchange reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups. The SEM results demonstrated that the Pt/CeO2 catalysts had a typical three-dimensional （3D） hierarchical porous struc- ture, which was favorable for surface reaction and enhanced the exposure degree of the Pt nanoparticles. In brief, the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts prepared by UAMR-hydrothermal method exhibited a higher Pt metal dispersion, smaller particle size, better three-way catalytic activity, and improved thermal stability versus conven- tional materials.     

Warning signals confer advantage to prey in competition with predators: bumblebees steal nests from insectivorous birds

Aposematic (warning) signals of prey help predators to recognize the defended distasteful or poisonous prey that should be avoided. The evolution of aposematism in the context of predation has been in the center of modern ecology for a long time. But, the possible roles of aposematic signals in other ecological contexts have been largely ignored. Here we address the role of aposematic signals in competition between prey and predators. Bumblebees use visual and auditory aposematic signals to warn predators about their defenses. For 2 years, we observed competition for nestboxes between chemically defended insects, Bombus ardens (and possibly also Bombus ignitus), and cavity nesting birds (Parus minor and Poecile varius). Bumblebees settled in 16 and 9 % of nestboxes (in 2010 and 2011 breeding seasons, respectively) that contained bird nests at the advanced stage of nest building or at the stage of egg laying. Presence of bumblebees prevented the birds from continuing the breeding activities in the nestboxes, while insects took over the birds’ nests (a form of kleptoparasitism). Playback experiments showed that the warning buzz by bumblebees contributed to the success in ousting the birds from their nests. This demonstrates that aposematic signals may be beneficial also in the context of resource competition.     

煤矸石烧结砖厂废气凝结物的研究

采集煤矸石烧结砖厂隧道窑废气热交换器内壁的凝结物,利用XRF、XRD、IR、DTA-TG、SEM、EDS、ICP-MS和AFS等方法进行了研究。结果表明:凝结物主要为水合硫酸亚铁和水合硫酸铁,S含量为119.2 mg/g,且Se、As、Pb等微量元素在凝结物中富集。与煤矸石原料相比,凝结物中Se的富集程度最高,含量达到了0.637 mg/g,相对富集因子为467.52;S、Tl、Mo、As、Pb的相对富集因子从57.05依次减小到6.18,F及亲硫元素Sb、Cd、Zn、Ni、Cu、Co富集程度较低;Sr、Th、Be、Ba、U、V、Cr的相对富集因子小于0.5,显示在烧结砖制备过程中的挥发性很低。     

BSSF滚筒法钢渣处理技术发展现况研究

介绍了BSSF滚筒法渣处理技术的原理和发展现状,通过对主体设备的不断优化完善及工艺系统的再次开发,对钢渣黏度适应性增强,钢渣处理率从30%提高到85%,系统运行稳定,为钢渣资源化利用提供了良好的条件,符合当今社会对环保及固废资源循环利用的需求。     

水解池取代初沉池用于污泥减量和改善出水水质实验研究

利用水解池取代初沉池,实现初沉池功能的同时达到污泥减量并改善出水水质,以满足后续脱氮除磷对碳源的要求。实验结果表明:在进水水质不稳定的情况下,水解池对SS平均去除率为81.8%,高于初沉池60.8%的平均去除率,水解池可以更加有效地截留SS。水解池实现高SS去除率的同时,能够实现污泥减量,水解池的污泥水解率为50.60%。在实验规模条件下,与初沉池相比,污泥减量92.31 kg/d,并且水解池出水VFA浓度较初沉池出水提高30.89 mg/L,SCOD/COD比值提高19.9%,水解池可提高出水水质。     

An arsenic-contaminated field trial to assess the uptake and translocation of arsenic by genotypes of rice

Compared to other cereals, rice has particular strong As accumulation. Therefore, it is very important to understand As uptake and translocation among different genotypes. A field study in Chenzhou city, Hunan province of China, was employed to evaluate the effect of arsenic-contaminated soil on uptake and distribution in 34 genotypes of rice (including unpolished rice, husk, shoot, and root). The soil As concentrations ranged from 52.49 to 83.86 mg kg^?1, with mean As concentration 64.44 mg kg^?1. The mean As concentrations in rice plant tissues were different among the 34 rice genotypes. The highest As concentrations were accumulated in rice root (196.27–385.98 mg kg^?1 dry weight), while the lowest was in unpolished rice (0.31–0.52 mg kg^?1 dry weight). The distribution of As in rice tissue and paddy soil are as follows root ? soil > shoot > husk > unpolished rice. The ranges of concentrations of inorganic As in all of unpolished rice were from 0.26 to 0.52 mg kg^?1 dry weight. In particular, the percentage of inorganic As in the total As was more than 67 %, indicating that the inorganic As was the predominant species in unpolished rice. The daily dietary intakes of inorganic As in unpolished rice ranged from 0.10 to 0.21 mg for an adult, and from 0.075 to 0.15 mg for a child. Comparison with tolerable daily intakes established by FAO/WHO, inorganic As in most of unpolished rice samples exceeded the recommended intake values. The 34 genotypes of rice were classified into four clusters using a criteria value of rescaled distance between 5 and 10. Among the 34 genotypes, the genotypes II you 416 (II416) with the lowest enrichment of As and the lowest daily dietary intakes of inorganic As could be selected as the main cultivar in As-contaminated field.     

四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对两种海洋桡足类动物的毒性效应

为了研究四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)对海洋桡足类的毒性效应,以太平洋真宽水蚤和日本虎斑猛水蚤为受试生物,依据急性毒性实验96 h-LC₅₀值,设置5个浓度组和1个对照组,测定摄食率、滤水率、耗氧率、排氨率和抗氧化防御系统中SOD、GST、GPx活性以及GSH含量。结果显示：BDE-47对太平洋真宽水蚤和日本虎斑猛水蚤的96 h-LC₅₀分别为
57和851 μg·L^-1,后者明显高于前者。2种桡足类在BDE-47作用下,其能量摄入和代谢均受到不同程度的诱导或抑制。太平洋真宽水蚤在中浓度(1.425 μg·L^-1)下摄食率和排氨率受到促进,高浓度(5.70和11.40 μg·L^-1)下耗氧率明显抑制;日本虎斑猛水蚤高浓度下(170.20 μg·L^-1)摄食率受到抑制,中浓度(21.28 μg·L^-1)下耗氧率受到促进,各个浓度的BDE-47对其排氨率均有明显促进作用。太平洋真宽水蚤SOD活性在BDE-47暴露96 h过程中均低于对照组(P<0.05),受到明显抑制;GST活性随暴露时间延长先升高后降低;GSH含量和GPx活性低浓度(0.7125和1.425 μg·L^-1)下随时间先升高后降低,而高浓度(5.70和11.40 μg·L^-1)下则相反。日本虎斑猛水蚤SOD活性随BDE-47浓度的升高先降低后升高再降低;GST活性和GSH含量在低浓度(10.64和21.28 μg·L^-1)BDE-47中与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05),而高浓度(85.10和170.20 μg·L^-1)
BDE-47下,GST活性随时间先升高后降低,GSH含量则先降低后升高再降低;GPx活性呈现先降低后升高趋势。由此可见,BDE-47与这2种桡足类的能量摄入、代谢和抗氧化防御系统存在一定时间及剂量效应,并具有明显的物种差异性。