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131.
T. Di Lorenzo W. D. Di Marzio M. E. Sáenz M. Baratti A. A. Dedonno A. Iannucci S. Cannicci G. Messana D. M. P. Galassi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(6):4643-4655
Widespread pollution from agriculture is one of the major causes of the poor freshwater quality currently observed across Europe. Several studies have addressed the direct impact of agricultural pollutants on freshwater biota by means of laboratory bioassays; however, as far as copepod crustaceans are concerned, the ecotoxicological research is scarce for freshwater species and almost nonexistent for the hypogean ones. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the available literature data on the sensitivity of freshwater copepods to agricultural pollutants. We also assessed the acute and chronic sensitivity of a hypogean and an epigean species, both belonging to the Crustacea Copepoda Cyclopoida Cyclopidae, to two N-fertilizers (urea and ammonium nitrate) and two herbicides (ARIANETM II from Dow AgroSciences LLC, and Imazamox), widely used for cereal agriculture in Europe. According to the literature review, freshwater copepods are sensitive to a range of pesticides and N-fertilizers. Ecotoxicological studies on hypogean species of copepods account only one study. There are no standardized protocols available for acute and chronic toxicity tests for freshwater copepods, making comparisons about sensitivity difficult. From our experiments, ionized ammonia proved to be more toxic than the herbicide Imazamox, in both short and chronic bioassays. Urea was the less toxic chemical for both species. The hypogean species was more sensitive than the epigean one to all chemicals. For both species and for all tested chemicals, acute lethality and chronic lethality were induced at concentrations higher than the law limits of good water body quality in Europe, except for ionized ammonia, which provoked the chronic lethality of the hypogean species at a lower concentration. The hazardous concentration (HC) of un-ionized ammonia for 5 % of freshwater copepods, obtained by a species sensitivity distribution, was 92 μg l?1, significantly lower than the HC computed for traditional test species from freshwater environments. 相似文献
132.
Isavela Ν. Monioudi Regina Asariotis Austin Becker Cassandra Bhat Danielle Dowding-Gooden Miguel Esteban Luc Feyen Lorenzo Mentaschi Antigoni Nikolaou Leonard Nurse Willard Phillips David Α.Υ. Smith Mizushi Satoh Ulric O’Donnell Trotz Adonis F. Velegrakis Evangelos Voukouvalas Michalis I. Vousdoukas Robert Witkop 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(8):2211-2225
This contribution presents an assessment of the potential vulnerabilities to climate variability and change (CV & C) of the critical transportation infrastructure of Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It focuses on potential operational disruptions and coastal inundation forced by CV & C on four coastal international airports and four seaports in Jamaica and Saint Lucia which are critical facilitators of international connectivity and socioeconomic development. Impact assessments have been carried out under climatic conditions forced by a 1.5 °C specific warming level (SWL) above pre-industrial levels, as well as for different emission scenarios and time periods in the twenty-first century. Disruptions and increasing costs due to, e.g., more frequent exceedance of high temperature thresholds that could impede transport operations are predicted, even under the 1.5 °C SWL, advocated by the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) and reflected as an aspirational goal in the Paris Climate Agreement. Dynamic modeling of the coastal inundation under different return periods of projected extreme sea levels (ESLs) indicates that the examined airports and seaports will face increasing coastal inundation during the century. Inundation is projected for the airport runways of some of the examined international airports and most of the seaports, even from the 100-year extreme sea level under 1.5 °C SWL. In the absence of effective technical adaptation measures, both operational disruptions and coastal inundation are projected to increasingly affect all examined assets over the course of the century. 相似文献
133.
Pugliese Lorenzo Poulsen Tjalfe G. Canga Eriona Straface Salvatore 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2020,20(6):1617-1636
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - A large set of experimental solute tracer breakthrough data (corresponding to more than 350 individual tracer breakthrough curves) in eight granular filter... 相似文献
134.
135.
Mario L. Ruz Francisco Vázquez Lorenzo Salas-Morera Antonio Cubero-Atienza 《Safety Science》2012,50(7):1606-1617
An experimental setup is proposed to test the performance of safety devices based on radio frequency technology. The setup specifically tests devices designed for improving safety in dangerous areas of small size, such as those surrounding power press brakes. Tested here is a radio frequency identification (RFID) prototype, whose main objective is to prevent accidents by sending a stop signal to a machine when a worker’s wrist, bearing an RFID tag, gets too close to the dangerous area. An ABB IRB 2400L robot is used as a reference system; this system is capable of providing millimeter accuracy. A plastic hand and a wristband with at least one passive RFID tag are attached to the end of the robot arm, which emulates the behavior of a human arm. With this robotic approach, it is possible to test trajectories with different velocities and orientations and to simulate several risky situations associated with machine use. Several experiments are presented that were conducted with the RFID prototype, and statistics are reported on the distance detection capability of this safety system with respect to the plane that defines the dangerous area. A matrix approach is proposed for analyzing the robustness of safety devices that are designed to automatically prevent a worker entering in dangerous areas. The results show the benefits that development of a radio frequency device of this class could confer towards increasing worker safety. 相似文献
136.
La Marca F Moroni M Cherubini L Lupo E Cenedese A 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(7):1306-1315
The recovery of high-quality plastic materials is becoming an increasingly challenging issue for the recycling sector. Technologies for plastic recycling have to guarantee high-quality secondary raw material, complying with specific standards, for use in industrial applications. The variability in waste plastics does not always correspond to evident differences in physical characteristics, making traditional methodologies ineffective for plastic separation. The Multidune separator is a hydraulic channel allowing the sorting of solid particles on the basis of differential transport mechanisms by generating particular fluid dynamic conditions due to its geometric configuration and operational settings. In this paper, the fluid dynamic conditions were investigated by an image analysis technique, allowing the reconstruction of velocity fields generated inside the Multidune, considering two different geometric configurations of the device, Configuration A and Configuration B. Furthermore, tests on mono- and bi-material samples were completed with varying operational conditions under both configurations. In both series of experiments, the bi-material samples were composed of differing proportions (85% vs. 15%) to simulate real conditions in an industrial plant for the purifying of a useful fraction from a contaminating fraction. The separation results were evaluated in terms of grade and recovery of the useful fraction. 相似文献
137.
Density dependence and density independence during the early life stages of four marine fish stocks 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Recruitment variability caused by density-dependent and density-independent processes is an important area within the study of fish dynamics. These processes can exhibit nonlinearities and nonadditive properties that may have profound dynamic effects. We investigate the importance of population density (i.e., density dependence) and environmental forcing (i.e., density independence) on the age-0 and age-1 abundance of capelin (Mallotus villosus), northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua), northeast Arctic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), and Norwegian spring spawning herring (Clupea harengus) in the Barents Sea. We use statistical methods that explicitly account for nonlinearities and nonadditive interactions between internal and external variables in the abundance of these two pre-recruitment stages. Our results indicate that, during their first five months of life, cod, haddock, and herring experience higher density-dependent survival than capelin. The abundance of age-0 cod depends on the mean age and biomass of the spawning stock, a result which has implications for the management of the entire cod stock. Temperature is another important factor influencing the abundance at age-0 and age-1 of all four species, except herring at age-1. Between age-0 and age-1, there is an attenuation of density-dependent survival for cod and herring, while haddock and capelin experience density dependence at high and low temperatures, respectively. Predation by subadult cod is important for both capelin and cod at age-1. We found strong indications for interactions among the studied species, pointing to the importance of viewing the problem of species recruitment variability as a community, rather than as a population phenomenon. 相似文献
138.
Davide?VioneEmail author Simone?Belmondo Lorenzo?Carnino 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(3):135-139
We studied the transformation of phenol in the presence of nitrous acid in the dark. The main detected intermediates were 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrosophenol. For the first time a kinetic analysis of the reaction in a pH interval relevant to environmental chemistry has been carried out. The kinetic data are consistent with phenol transformation being initiated by HNO2. The results are relevant to the chemistry of the atmosphere, where HNO2 forms upon heterogeneous conversion of ·NO2, and to water treatment techniques. 相似文献
139.
The effects of preen oils and soiling on the UV–visible reflectance of carotenoid-pigmented feathers
Lorenzo Pérez-Rodríguez Francois Mougeot Gary R. Bortolotti 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(7):1425-1435
Plumage coloration, particularly when carotenoid-based, is important in social signaling in birds. Although feather color
is a relatively stable trait, individuals may modify it with “cosmetic” substances such as preen oils. In addition, dirt accumulation
may influence plumage coloration and further affect signal perception by receivers. Here, we analyze the separate potential
effects of preen oils and soil accumulation on the reflectance properties of carotenoid-pigmented feathers across the visual
range of most bird species, which includes the ultraviolet (UV). Using the yellow portion of tail feathers of Bohemian waxwings
(Bombycilla garrulus), we performed two separate experiments where: (a) preen oils and/or soil were removed, or (b) preen oils (from black-billed
magpies Pica pica or eagle owls Bubo bubo) were added. Preen oil addition reduced brightness but increased UV hue and yellow chroma. UV chroma was reduced by the addition
of magpie (but not owl) preen oil. Soil accumulation had little effect on plumage reflectance in the UV range but significantly
reduced yellow chroma. According to models of avian vision, both of these effects are detectable by birds and biologically
meaningful when compared with natural variation between the sexes and age classes. We conclude that preen oil and soil accumulation
can significantly affect the UV–visible reflectance of carotenoid-based plumages. As such traits typically advertise individual
quality, preening and soiling have the potential to modify the information content of carotenoid-based plumage traits and
how these signals are perceived by receivers. 相似文献
140.
Plaza Lorenzo Castellote Marta Nevshupa Roman Jimenez-Relinque Eva 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23896-23910
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Adsorbent materials for the control of dye pollutants in water were synthetized from stainless steel slag (SSS) using different acid-base treatments.... 相似文献