粘土矿胶粒及其含富里酸悬浊体系的电动特性

本文主要研究了氯化铝和聚合氯化铝凝聚二氧化硅、高岭土和蒙脱土胶粒,以及它们分别与含富里酸悬浊体系的电动特性及其影响因素。     

Environmental materials for remediation of soils contaminated with lead and cadmium using maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) growth as a bioindicator

Heavy metal pollution is a severe environmental problem. Remediation of contaminated soils can be accomplished using environmental materials that are low cost and environmentally friendly. We evaluated the individual and combination effects of humic acid (HA), super absorbent polymer (SAP), zeolite (ZE), and fly ash composites (FC) on immobilization of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils. We also investigated long-term practical approaches for remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil. The biochemical and morphological properties of maize (Zea mays L.) were selected as biomarkers to assess the effects of environmental materials on heavy metal immobilization. The results showed that addition of test materials to soil effectively reduced heavy metal accumulation in maize foliage, improving chlorophyll levels, plant growth, and antioxidant enzyme activity. The test materials reduced heavy metal injury to maize throughout the growth period. A synergistic effect from combinations of different materials on immobilization of Pb and Cd was determined based on the reduction of morphological and biochemical injuries to maize. The combination of zeolite and humic acid was especially effective. Treatment with a combination of HA?+?SAP?+?ZE?+?FC was superior for remediation of soils contaminated with high levels of Pb and Cd.     

Historical distribution of lynx (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lynx lynx</Emphasis>) in Northeast China on the basis of historical records

Long-term dynamics of population decline can improve the conservation perspectives and strategies for endanger species. In China, new gazetteers having systematic compilation and wide geographical coverage can be considered as an important complementary for reconstruction historical distribution. For historical and cultural reasons, an endangered species–lynx (Lynx lynx) was recorded regularly in new gazetteers. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the population distribution in Northeast China from the 1950s to 2014. The data show that Felis lynx was widely distributed in Northeast China in the 1950s, but the number of the occurrence records have been significantly reduced by 85.6% in the last 60 years. This research also enlightens us that the new gazetteers can contribute to data shortage and it would be helpful to conservation biology.     

环境质量与经济增长的库兹尼茨关系探讨

对环境质量与经济增长的库兹尼茨关系进行了分析，提出了环境质量三种可能的发展轨迹，并探讨了在这三种可能发的发展轨迹中，经济增长对环境质量发展的影响，提出了中国现阶在保证环境质量达一害标准的前提下，实现经济可持 展的政策建议。     

Evaluation of Al30 polynuclear species in polyaluminum solutions as coagulant for water treatment

Polyaluminum coagulant with a content of 76.8% of Al30 (PACAl30) was prepared. Its coagulation behaviors were compared with high Al13 content polyaluminum coagulant (PACAl13) and AlCl3. The species stability was studied using Al-Ferron method and 27Al NMR. The coagulation performances were investigated by studying the rate of flocs development, the turbidity removal efficiency and charge neutralization capacity under fixed pH conditions and uncontrolled pH conditions. The effect of pH on coagulation was also studied. The results show that PACAl30 are stable for using as coagulant. PACAl30 causes less pH depression than PACAl13. The charge neutralization capacity of PACAl30 is slightly lower than that of PACAl13 at pH6.8 and higher at pH 6.5. PACAl30 achieves the most effective turbidity removal in these three coagulants. And it acts effectively within a much broader dosage range and a wider pH range when compared with PACAl13. PACAl30 achieves the highest turbidity removal due to its strong flocs formation capacity. The results verify that Al30 is another highly active coagulation/flocculation species for turbidity removal.     

采用双氰胺甲醛缩聚物混凝去除水中酸性红B染料的研究

以双氰胺和甲醛为原料制备了聚合双氰胺甲醛,并对其进行红外光谱表征.采用聚合双氰胺甲醛与硫代硫酸钠共同作用对酸性红B染料溶液进行混凝脱色实验.对比了单独使用聚合双氰胺甲醛,以及聚合双氰胺甲醛与硫代硫酸钠共同作用的脱色效果.探讨了硫代硫酸钠和聚合双氰胺甲醛的用量以及pH值对脱色率的影响.结果表明,投加硫代硫酸钠可以明显地提高聚合双氰胺甲醛的脱色率,增大絮凝范围,使絮凝剂对pH值的变化有很强的适应性,pH值为7～12的范围内,脱色率均能维持在96%以上.此外,还对混凝脱色的机理进行了研究.     

铝的水解聚合形态分析方法研究

本文主要探讨了铝的水解聚合形态的两种测定方法，即Ａ１－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法和＾２７Ａ１ ＮＭＲ核磁共振法。扼要地说明了Ａ１－Ｆｅｒｒｏｎ逐时络合比色法中不同比色－缓冲的配制及其测定结果，以及＾２７Ａ１ ＮＭＲ法中大、小管测量方法及其测定结果。最后对这两种铝的水解聚合形态分析方法的相关性作了对比。     

聚合氯化铝与传统混凝剂的凝聚—絮凝行为差异

本文综合阐述无机高分子絮凝剂与传统混凝剂在化学特征和凝聚－絮凝行为机理上的差异。ＰＡＣ的主要成分聚十三铝在预制条件下能大量生成。它们对水解反应有一定的稳定性，直接吸附有颗粒物表面，发挥强烈的电中和及粘结架桥作用，其流动电流，ζ电位，絮凝指数及凝聚－絮凝区域图等，均与传统混凝剂有很大不同，其计算模式应根据表面络合及表面沉淀原理建立。     

Chromium adsorption by aligned carbon nanotubes supported ceria nanoparticles

Ceria nanoparticles supported on aligned carbon nanotubes (CeO(2)/ACNTs), a novel adsorbent for Cr(VI) from drinking water, were prepared by chemical reaction of CeCl(3) with NaOH in aligned carbon nanotube solution and subsequent heat treatment. The best Cr(VI) adsorption effect of CeO(2)/ACNTs occurs at a pH range of 3.0-7.4. The largest adsorption capacity of CeO(2)/ACNTs reaches 30.2 mg g(-1) at an equilibrium Cr(VI) concentration of 35.3 mg l(-1) at pH 7.0. The experiment results suggest that CeO(2)/ACNTs have great potential applications in environmental protection.