杂多酸水溶液脱除烟气中SO2的性能研究

合成了H3PMo12O40、H4SiW12O40、H3PW12O40、H4PMo11VO40、H5PMo10V2O40和H6PMo9V3O406种杂多酸,分别采用红外光谱（FT-IR）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征杂多酸的结构,并采用气相色谱仪对6种杂多酸水溶液进行脱硫实验测试。实验结果表明：制备的6种杂多酸具有良好的Keggin型结构;H3PMo12O40、H3PW12O40和H4SiW12O40的3种水溶液中,磷钼杂多酸的脱硫性能最好,脱硫率在120 min时可达到16.38%;不同比例的多原子也会使杂多酸有不同的脱硫性能,脱硫性能顺序为：H6PMo9V3O40〉H5PMo10V2O40〉H4PMo11VO40;且6种杂多酸的脱硫稳定性的顺序为：H4PMo11VO40〉H6PMo9V3O40〉H3PMo12O40〉H5PMo10V2O40〉H4SiW12O40≈H3PW12O40。     

Distribution,source, and environmental risk assessment of phthalate esters (PAEs) in water,suspended particulate matter,and sediment of a typical Yangtze River Delta City,China

Phthalates (PAEs) in drinking water sources such as the Yangtze River in developing countries had aroused widespread concern. Here, the water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sediment samples were collected from 15 sites in wet and dry seasons in Zhenjiang, for the determination of six PAEs (DMP, DEP, DIBP, DBP, DEHP, and DOP) using the solid-phase extraction (SPE) or ultrasonic extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total concentrations of six PAEs (Σ₆PAEs) spanned a range of 2.65–39.31 μg L^?1 in water, 1.97–34.10 μg g^?1 in SPM, and 0.93–34.70 μg g^?1 in sediment. The partition coefficients (K_d1) of PAEs in water and SPM phase ranged from 0.004 to 3.36 L g^?1 in the wet season and from 0.12 to 2.84 L g^?1 in the dry season. K_d2 of PAEs in water and sediment phase was 0.001–9.75 L g^?1 in the wet season and 0.006–8.05 L g^?1 in the dry season. The dominant PAEs were DIBP, DBP, and DEHP in water and SPM, DIBP, DEHP, and DOP in sediment. The concentration of DBP in water exceeded the China Surface Water Standard. The discharge of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater might be the main potential sources of PAEs. The risk quotient (RQ) method used for the risk assessment revealed that DBP (0.01 < RQ < 1) posed a medium risk, while DIBP and DEHP (RQ > 1) posed a high environmental risk in water, DIBP (RQ > 1) also showed a high risk in sediment.

     

Control of NOx emissions by air staging in small- and medium-scale biomass pellet boilers

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The effect of air staging strategies on NOx control was investigated on a 210-kW small-scale biomass boiler (SBB) and a 1.4-MW medium-scale biomass...     

A Two-Stage Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for MPPT of Partially Shaded PV Arrays

The power-voltage (P-V) characteristic curves of a PV array are nonlinear and have multiple peaks under partially shaded conditions (PSCs). This paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for a PV system with reduced steady-state oscillation based on a two-stage particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The grouping method of the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is incorporated in the basic PSO algorithm (PSO-SFLA), ensuring fast and accurate searching of the global extremum. An adaptive speed factor is also introduced into the improved PSO to further enhance its convergence speed. Test results show that the proposed method converges in less than half the time taken by the conventional PSO method, and the power is improved by 33% under the worst PSCs, which confirms the superiority of the proposed method over the standard PSO algorithm in terms of tracking speed and steady-state oscillations under different PSCs.     

颗粒化序列间歇式活性污泥反应器工艺处理化粪池污水

在序列间歇式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中成功培养出适应化粪池污水水质的好氧颗粒污泥.并将其应用于化粪池污水的处理.在好氧颗粒污泥培养的第15天左右,SBR中开始出现细小的颗粒,然后微生物在其上繁殖生长使颗粒逐渐增大而成熟;在第24天时,SBR中絮状活性污泥已基本实现了颗粒化.培养出的好氧颗粒污泥对化粪池污水有稳定的处理效果,在进水完全为化粪池污水时,COD、NH_4~+-N、TN的平均去除率分别为77%、61%、47%.但是,由于化粪池污水COD较低,因此无法维持较高的生物量,在后期的稳定运行过程中MLSS始终维持在2 500 mg/L左右.好氧颗粒污泥的同步硝化反硝化作用是其稳定脱氮的保证.     

浸提分离法提取皂素清洁工艺研究

提出一种通过溶剂提取将游离皂苷与淀粉、纤维等成分分离,从源头上减少用水量、耗酸量和污染物排放量的皂素清洁生产工艺。首先对溶剂提取条件进行优化,得出最佳工艺条件为：90%（体积比）乙醇溶液,料液比1∶7,沸腾回流提取3 h,重复提取3次。然后通过气质联用（GC/MS）分析了皂素废水的有机物组成。研究结果表明,清洁工艺皂素产率为1.51%（降低3.82%）,用酸量比传统工艺减少了71%,头道液COD浓度降低了46%,每100 g原料排放的COD总量下降了84%;皂素废水的有机物污染物主要为糠醛及其衍生物,清洁工艺废水的有机物含量更低,更易降解。     

季铵化木屑纤维素的制备及其对水中苯酚的吸附性能研究

以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为醚化剂,对木屑纤维素进行了改性。探讨了改性木屑纤维素用量、pH值、吸附温度、吸附时间和苯酚初始浓度等因素对静态吸附效果的影响。结果表明,木屑纤维素经改性后,对水中的苯酚的吸附过程存在化学吸附,对水中的苯酚的吸附容量得到明显提高。     

城市燃气管线风险评估

城市燃气管线是城市的重大危险源,事故后果多为燃气泄漏后发生的火灾、爆炸造成人员伤亡及建筑物坍塌,其风险评估方法的研究对于燃气管线的风险管理非常重要.对管线发生断裂的事故概率及其热辐射伤害进行了分析.引入了管线的致死长度,并定义其为在此管线长度内的失效能对特定地点的人产生致死效应.在此基础上,进行了个人风险的定量计算,即管线失效率与致死长度的乘积,并基于个人风险的可接受水平确定了管线的危险距离,为抢险救援工作提供参考.     

NSGA Ⅱ在应急物资储备库选址中的应用

为了更好地应对突发事件,应做好应急物资的储备.应急物资储备库选址问题就成为优化应急物资储备的关键.应急管理中的应急物资储备库选址涉及到多方面的因素,已不是简单的单目标决策问题.针对此问题,构建了选址模型,并且引入NSGAⅡ解决模型中的多目标优化问题.求解后得出一系列Pareto最优解,其解空间分布均匀,并且具有良好的收敛性和鲁棒性,决策者可以根据实际情况从中选取最合适的解.对某应急物资储备库选址问题进行了讨论,结果证明此方法具有一定的实用性.     

多阶段优化规划模型在天津应急资源基站优化规划中的应用

利用多阶段优化选址规划模型对天津市进行应急资源基站的选址规划研究.首先,利用集合覆盖模型(LSCP)确定满足需求的最小应急物流基站数,然后利用最大覆盖模型(MCLP),在备选位置中,根据不同的应急时间标准确定满足需求的合适位置作为应急物流基站的选址.通过计算,分别得到在30 min、45 min和60 min的不同应急时间标准下覆盖天津市全境所需的应急资源基站数以及合理的选址规划方案.研究表明,多阶段选址规划模型将选址规划问题分步骤解决,使问题简化,可以应用于不同的城市安全规划过程,为城市应急管理提供了应急决策依据,有效提高了城市应急管理能力.