基于TOP-RICE模型嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂稻田水溢出对水生生态系统风险评估研究

为评估嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂在我国稻田水溢出对水生生态系统的风险,本研究依据中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T 2882.2—2016《农药登记环境风险评估指南第2部分:水生生态系统》,采用TOP-RICE暴露模型分别单独评估了嘧菌酯和噻呋酰胺2种有效成分稻田滴撒方式应用时水溢出对水生生态系统的风险。其中,TOP-RICE初级暴露模型中有我国连平和南昌2个水稻-地下水暴露场景,每个场景都对分蘖期和拔节期进行分别评估。分析结果显示,嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂中的嘧菌酯按照申请的良好农业规范(GAP)使用,生物富集风险可接受,初级风险评估对无脊椎动物(急性)和无脊椎动物(慢性)风险不可接受,但经中宇宙研究后,在连平和南昌2个场景点,均为拔节期用药对无脊椎动物的风险可接受,但分蘖期用药对无脊椎动物的风险不可接受;嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂中的噻呋酰胺按照申请的GAP使用,生物富集带来的风险可以接受,经初级风险评估风险均可接受。在忽略2种有效成分相互间作用时,初步认为嘧菌酯·噻呋酰胺4%展膜油剂在我国稻田拔节期按照GAP要求施用时水溢出对水生生态系统的风险可接受,但应避免在分蘖期用药,以免其中的有效成分嘧菌酯对水生无脊椎动物产生不良影响。     

固相微萃取技术及其在环境监测中的应用

介绍了90年代初推出的一种新的样品前处理技术－固相微萃取技术。它与传统的萃取法相比具有分析周期短、简捷、灵敏度高,无须使用溶剂,适于现场监测等优点,目前已成功地用于各基质样品如：土壤、水、大气中环境污染物的分析。文章还对其基本原理、固相涂层、操作模式展开了讨论。经分析认为该技术有着广阔的推广和应用前景。     

Changes in labile soil organic matter fractions following land use change from monocropping to poplar-based agroforestry systems in a semiarid region of Northeast China

Labile fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) respond rapidly to land management practices and can be used as a sensitive indicator of changes in SOM. However, there is little information about the effect of agroforestry practices on labile SOM fractions in semiarid regions of China. In order to test the effects of land use change from monocropping to agroforestry systems on labile SOM fractions, we investigated soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and N, particulate organic matter C (POMC) and N (POMN), as well as total organic C (TOC) and total N (TN) in the 0- to 15-cm and the 15- to 30-cm layers in 4-year-old poplar-based agroforestry systems and adjoining monocropping systems with two different soil textures (sandy loam and sandy clay loam) in a semiarid region of Northeast China. Our results showed that poplar-based agroforestry practices affected soil MBC, POMC, and POMN, albeit there was no significant difference in TOC and TN. Agroforestry practices increased MBC, POMC, and POMN in sandy clay loam soils. However, in sandy loam soils, agroforestry practices only increased MBC and even decreased POMC and POMN at the 0- to 15-cm layer. Our results suggest that labile SOM fractions respond sensitively to poplar-based agroforestry practices and can provide early information about the changes in SOM in semiarid regions of Northeast China and highlight that the effects of agroforestry practices on labile SOM fractions vary with soil texture.     

典型SSRIs类抗抑郁药对鱼类的毒性效应研究进展

选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors,SSRIs)是一类在临床上具有良好治疗效果的抗抑郁药物,由于使用量巨大,在水环境中频繁被检出,其潜在生态毒性效应引起人们的广泛关注.鱼类作为水生脊椎动物,具有和人类相似的神经调控系统,更易受到水体中残留的SSRIs...     

沙地退化植被恢复过程中灌木发育对草本植物和土壤的影响

应用野外调查和室内分析方法,通过对科尔沁沙地沙丘固定和植被恢复过程中(流动、半流动、半固定和固定沙丘)灌丛内外草本植物的特征和土壤的理化性质分析,研究了灌丛的发育对草本植物和土壤的影响.结果表明,4种沙丘小叶锦鸡儿灌丛下植物的盖度、高度和密度显著高于灌丛外围,由灌丛内向灌丛外呈现出明显下降的趋势.通过差巴嘎蒿、小叶锦鸡儿和冷蒿3种灌丛内、外的理化性质的对比分析表明,沙地灌丛的形成对灌丛下土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、有效氮和有效磷均有不同程度的富集作用,特别是对土壤有机碳和全氮有明显的富集作用,其大小顺序为小叶锦鸡儿>冷蒿>差巴嘎蒿;小叶锦鸡儿灌丛对全磷和有效磷的富集作用明显大于其它灌木.这些结果表明在沙丘植被恢复过程中灌丛的发育具有明显的"保种"作用和"肥岛"效应,促进了沙丘植物的侵入和土壤的进一步恢复.     

欧美新污染物监测进展及启示

新污染物监测是新污染物环境和健康风险评估及管控的重要基础。欧美发达国家环保部门在20世纪70年代就开展了新污染物监测工作,并且2000年后形成了相应的监测制度,而我国新污染物监测工作正处于业务化起步阶段。通过深入调研欧美国家水中新污染物监测为主的发展历程、监测清单、监测要求等内容,总结出3个特点:建立动态更新的新污染物清单监测机制;将规范的新污染物监测方法作为开展监测的重要前提;充分考虑监测可行性和经济成本。结合我国现阶段新污染物监管需求及监测现状,提出我国新污染物监测工作的3点建议:明晰国家、地方新污染物监测的职责分工,建立优先监测新污染物清单动态更新机制;加强新污染物监测能力建设,建立新污染物监测标准体系;循序渐进开展新污染物监测,注重监测的可行性和可持续性。     

3m×20m烘干机配用LFEF袋式除尘器的效果

介绍了在水泥生产中,用大型LFEF袋式除尘器代替电除尘器在大型烘干机上应用的实例。     

泸州市环境空气质量状况及评价

根据泸州市１９９４年－１９９８年环境大气监测数据,对全市环境大气质量,状况进行分析和评价。     

新世纪地震事业发展战略思考

面对 2 1世纪知识经济占主导地位的新时代 ,地震事业如何随之变革 ,以应对市场经济的挑战 ?本文对之进行了思考。列举了目前制约地震工作发展的诸项因素 ,提出了相应的应对措施。在深化改革方面 ,提出了稳定一支精干的日常地震工作队伍、组建一支高水平的地震科研精干队伍、强化一支具有竞争实力的市场开发队伍、优化一支复合型管理干部队伍等措施     

Sustainable Development and Corporate Environmental Responsibility: Evidence from Chinese Corporations

China is currently experiencing rapid economic growth. The price of this, however, is environment pollution. Many Chinese corporations are lacking in corporate environmental responsibility (CER). Therefore, this study employs data from Chinese and multinational corporations to identify why Chinese corporations seldom engage in CER by investigating their motivations and stakeholders. The results show that the most important reason why Chinese corporations do not engage in CER is the fact that their competitive strategy of cost cutting makes them limited in resources, such as money, employees, information, or added value. Further study implies that Chinese corporations face more survival pressure, though they are willing to take environmental responsibilities as multinational corporations do. The results also imply that government and social surroundings can play an important role to arouse CER consciousness of Chinese corporations in all stakeholders. Consequently, Chinese government has a heavy duty to promote corporations to respond to their CER in the long run.