Lead ion adsorption on functionalized sugarcane bagasse prepared by concerted oxidation and deprotonation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Targeting the removal of Pb2+ in wastewater, sugarcane bagasse was treated with nitric acid and an alkaline solution to prepare adsorbents. On a...     

Impacts of methanol fuel on vehicular emissions: A review

● Methanol effectively reduces CO, HC, CO₂, PM, and PN emissions of gasoline vehicles. ● Elemental composition of methanol directly affects the reduction of emissions. ● Several physicochemical properties of methanol help reduce vehicle emissions. The transport sector is a significant energy consumer and a major contributor to urban air pollution. At present, the substitution of cleaner fuel is one feasible way to deal with the growing energy demand and environmental pollution. Methanol has been recognized as a good alternative to gasoline due to its good combustion performance. In the past decades, many studies have investigated exhaust emissions using methanol-gasoline blends. However, the conclusions derived from different studies vary significantly, and the explanations for the effects of methanol blending on exhaust emissions are also inconsistent. This review summarizes the characteristics of CO, HC, NO_x, CO₂, and particulate emissions from methanol-gasoline blended fuels and pure methanol fuel. CO, HC, CO₂, particle mass (PM), and particle number (PN) emissions decrease when methanol-blended fuel is used in place of gasoline fuel. NO_x emission either decreases or increases depending on the test conditions, i.e., methanol content. Furthermore, this review synthesizes the mechanisms by which methanol-blended fuel influences pollutant emissions. This review provides insight into the pollutant emissions from methanol-blended fuel, which will aid policymakers in making energy strategy decisions that take urban air pollution, climate change, and energy security into account.     

A comparison of chemical mechanisms based on TRAMP-2006 field data

A comparison of a model using five widely known mechanisms (RACM, CB05, LaRC, SAPRC-99, SAPRC-07, and MCMv3.1) has been conducted based on the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP-2006) field data in 2006. The concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO₂) radicals were calculated by a zero-dimensional box model with each mechanism and then compared with the OH and HO₂ measurements. The OH and HO₂ calculated by the model with different mechanisms show similarities and differences with each other and with the measurements. First, measured OH and HO₂ are generally greater than modeled for all mechanisms, with the median modeled-to-measured ratios ranging from about 0.8 (CB05) to about 0.6 (SAPRC-99). These differences indicate that either measurement errors, the effects of unmeasured species or chemistry errors in the model or the mechanisms, with some errors being independent of the mechanism used. Second, the modeled and measured ratios of HO₂/OH agree when NO is about 1 ppbv, but the modeled ratio is too high when NO was less and too low when NO is more, as seen in previous studies. Third, mechanism–mechanism HO_x differences are sensitive to the environmental conditions – in more polluted conditions, the mechanism–mechanism differences are less. This result suggests that, in polluted conditions, the mechanistic details are less important than in cleaner conditions, probably because of the dominance of reactive nitrogen chemistry under polluted conditions.     

西部资源型工矿城市可持续发展对策研究

西部资源型工矿城市曾经为我国的工业化、现代化和城市化做出重要贡献 ,但是 ,由于资源的不可再生性 ,工矿城市面临矿竭城衰等问题。如何解决这一问题 ,本文从八个方面提出了可持续发展的对策。     

关于工厂企业绿地建设的探讨：以宝钢为例

生态园林是现代城市绿化发展的趋势和方向。对于污染较为集中的工厂企业来主，绿地建设是环境保护的重要方面。而发展生态园林，走绿地的生态建设道路已成为工厂企业发化的有效途径。本文从生态园林的指导思想出发，结合宝钢的绿化实例，探讨了工厂企业在绿地建设方面的若干问题。     

“3.24”重大油污染事故引起的思考

概述了“３．２４”珠江口重大船舶溢油事故的起因，主管机关所采取的应急行动及控制清除油污的措施。介绍了污染损害及索赔情况，分析并指出了本次事故所暴露出的主要问题，并提出合理的建议，以引起决策人士的重视和社会的关系。     

基于帕雷托分级法的台风灾害社会易损性比较及其在东南沿海地区的应用

以东南沿海6省市(江苏、上海、浙江、福建、广东、海南)为研究对象,提出了基于帕雷托分级法的社会易损性评价方法.通过该方法得到沿海6省市的社会易损性等级,易损性等级反映了各地区在台风灾害时可能遭受损失的相对大小,即其等级越高,可能遭受的经济损失和人员伤亡越大.结果表明,海南的社会易损性等级为1;福建的社会易损性等级为2;江苏的社会易损性等级为3;上海、广东和浙江的社会易损性最大,易损性等级为4.本研究为社会减灾工作尤其是长期救灾规划提供了指导.     

ZPJ-40型高速转盘离心机减振技术

目的针对ZPJ-40型高速转盘离心机的振动问题,探索减振技术。方法采用主动减振和被动减振两种方式,实现离心机在升速、降速、稳速工作阶段及通过临界转速时,抑制振动发散。结果高速转盘离心机工作过程中振动小,噪音低,运行稳定。结论该减振技术可实现高速转子可靠运行。     

废水生化处理中有机物的分析和转化

有机物的种类、含量、物化特性、分子量等性质直接影响废水处理工艺的处理效果。本文综述了近年来废水生化处理中有机物的分析方法及废水生化处理过程中有机物的转化规律。