华南地区春季冷锋云系中污染物的输送

研究了华南春季冷锋云系中污染物的三维输送和酸沉降特点.该地区低空经常存在一个稳定的逆温层结构,且混合层顶也较低,有利于污染物在层内聚集.冷锋南下时,锋前上升气流把原稳定层中的污染物抬升并送入云内,形成“逆温层内累积——被锋面抬升——高空平流输送——湿沉降到地面”的循环.一个地方排放的污染物可以造成其周围几百公里范围内云和降水的酸化.轨迹烟团模式计算的结果也表明,即使在冷锋的北来气流作用下,本地源的影响仍是主要的.     

包头市放射性污染源现状及污染防治对策

通过对全市放射性污染源现状调查 ,摸清了全市放射性源的种类、数量、分布及放射性污染物排放现状以及存在的主要环境问题 ,针对存在的问题 ,提出了减轻污染的防治对策     

数字地震仪观测系统常见故障及排除

在地震台站,地震计与模数转换器,计算机,通讯设备一起构成一个系统,系统中任何一个环节不能正常工作,都会影响整个系统。判断系统究竟是哪一部份有故障,需要冷静分析,对比试验,逐一排除。故障现象可能一样,但原因可能有多种。因此,不仅要了解系统的工作原理,还要有一定的工作积累,才能迅速准确地找到故障原因并排除。     

公众聚集场所火灾风险评价模型探讨

文章通过对公众聚集场所火灾风险的概率因素和后果因素的分析,提出了一种火灾风险评价的模型,该模型可用于同类公众聚集场所火灾风险之间的比较,为公众聚集场所的火灾风险管理提供了量化的依据,也为公共聚集场所的火灾风险评价提供了一种方法尝试。     

生物脱臭技术初探

通过以Ｈ２Ｓ为代表的恶臭气体和以活性污泥加热干燥产气对象的脱臭实验，对生物法脱臭机理及影响生物脱臭效果的一些因素进行了有益的研究。     

Fenton氧化-混凝联合工艺处理络合铜镍废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化-混凝联合工艺对难处理络合铜镍电镀废水进行了研究,考察了废水初始pH值、H2O2初始浓度、[Fe2 ]/[H2O2]、反应时间和温度、混凝液pH、混凝剂质量浓度对处理过程的影响,探讨了废水的降解途径和机理.结果表明,在体系初始pH=4,温度30℃,H2O2投加量为800mg/L,[Fe2 ]/[H2O2]=0.1,反应时间60 min,混凝液pH=8及混凝剂质量浓度为500mg/L的条件下,废水的COD去除率为96.98%,Cu2 为99.91%,Ni2 为99.92%,处理水完全达到国家一级排放标准.同时依据GC/MS对X-GN降解最终产物的分析结果,推导出废水的基本降解机理和途径.     

Removal of ammonia solutions used in catalytic wet oxidation processes

Ammonia (NH(3)) is an important product used in the chemical industry, and is common place in industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater containing ammonia is generally either toxic or has concentrations or temperatures such that direct biological treatment is unfeasible. This investigation used aqueous solutions containing more of ammonia for catalytic liquid-phase oxidation in a trickle-bed reactor (TBR) based on Cu/La/Ce composite catalysts, prepared by co-precipitation of Cu(NO(3))(2), La(NO(3))(2), and Ce(NO(3))(3) at 7:2:1 molar concentrations. The experimental results indicated that the ammonia conversion of the wet oxidation in the presence of the Cu/La/Ce composite catalysts was determined by the Cu/La/Ce catalyst. Minimal ammonia was removed from the solution by the wet oxidation in the absence of any catalyst, while approximately 91% ammonia removal was achieved by wet oxidation over the Cu/La/Ce catalyst at 230 degrees C with oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 MPa. Furthermore, the effluent streams were conducted at a liquid hourly space velocity of under 9 h(-1) in the wet catalytic processes, and a reaction pathway was found linking the oxidizing ammonia to nitric oxide, nitrogen and water. The solution contained by-products, including nitrates and nitrites. Nitrite selectivity was minimized and ammonia removal maximized when the feed ammonia solution had a pH of around 12.0.     

灯心草部分生理生化指标对土壤复合重金属胁迫的响应

通过盆栽试验,以叶绿素含量和POD、SOD、CAT3种抗氧化酶活性作为观测指标,研究了Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn和As复合重金属胁迫下灯心草部分生理生化指标的变化趋势和机理.结果表明,灯心草的生理毒害效应呈明显的剂量-效应关系.表现为与对照相比,叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b值降低,叶片失绿现象明显.随着复合重金属胁迫浓度的增加,灯心草3种酶活性均呈先升后降的变化趋势,但出现抗性酶活性高峰所对应的重金属浓度不同,表现出不同的特征变化趋势.总体来说,在接近土壤环境质量标准低浓度设计范围内,酶活性有逐渐被激活的趋势.但在高浓度水平下,酶活性普遍受到抑制.生长在铅锌尾矿和模拟矿毒水污染土壤中的灯心草叶绿素合成受到显著抑制(P＜0.05),但POD和CAT两种酶活性均高于对照.     

Biomonitoring trace element atmospheric deposition using lichens in China

Concentrations of 32 elements, Ag, As, Au, Ba, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Mo, Na, Nd, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, U, W, Yb, and Zn were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) in the early preserved epiphytic lichens (Parmotrema recticulatum) from the remote southwestern China area in the 1960s, 1980s and 1990s. The concentrations of Ag, As, Ce, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Nd, Ni, Sc, Se, Sm, Tb, U, Yb and Zn were dropped down by the temporal prolongation. The elemental concentration levels obtained from the organisms indicate that the extent of heavy metal atmospheric deposition among the sampling sites has been declining during the past decades.     

中原油田总机厂镍磷化学镀废水治理

利用价廉、来源广的石灰复配聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）作为絮凝剂，处理镍磷化学镀废水。实验结果表明：石灰复配ＰＡＭ，明显加快絮体的沉降速度并减少絮体的体积，经处理后水质符合外排标准，处理费用大幅度下降，是一种经济可行的方法。根据实验结果为中原油田总机厂设计出镍磷化学镀废水治理方案。