全文获取类型
收费全文 | 579篇 |
免费 | 12篇 |
国内免费 | 7篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 15篇 |
废物处理 | 38篇 |
环保管理 | 42篇 |
综合类 | 65篇 |
基础理论 | 155篇 |
污染及防治 | 184篇 |
评价与监测 | 54篇 |
社会与环境 | 43篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 20篇 |
2021年 | 14篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 26篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 14篇 |
2014年 | 32篇 |
2013年 | 49篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 55篇 |
2010年 | 34篇 |
2009年 | 38篇 |
2008年 | 29篇 |
2007年 | 34篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 16篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 8篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有598条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Adrados A de Marco I Caballero BM López A Laresgoiti MF Torres A 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(5):826-832
Pyrolysis may be an alternative for the reclamation of rejected streams of waste from sorting plants where packing and packaging plastic waste is separated and classified. These rejected streams consist of many different materials (e.g., polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), aluminum, tetra-brik, and film) for which an attempt at complete separation is not technically possible or economically viable, and they are typically sent to landfills or incinerators. For this study, a simulated plastic mixture and a real waste sample from a sorting plant were pyrolyzed using a non-stirred semi-batch reactor. Red mud, a byproduct of the aluminum industry, was used as a catalyst. Despite the fact that the samples had a similar volume of material, there were noteworthy differences in the pyrolysis yields. The real waste sample resulted, after pyrolysis, in higher gas and solid yields and consequently produced less liquid. There were also significant differences noted in the compositions of the compared pyrolysis products. 相似文献
92.
An optimized code for the near real-time retrieval of line of sight, temperature and volume-mixing ratio profiles of five key species (O3, H2O, HNO3, CH4 and N2O) from infrared limb spectra recorded by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) experiment on board the ENVISAT-1 satellite was developed as part of an ESA-supported study. In this code line of sight and temperature are retrieved simultaneously among themselves, but sequentially with respect to the volume-mixing ratio of the five key species. The sequential retrieval leaves unaccounted the mapping of line of sight and temperature errors in the retrieved volume-mixing ratio of the constituents. This paper illustrates an algorithm that provides the a-posteriori evaluation of temperature and line-of-sight-induced error on the retrieved volume-mixing ratio of the MIPAS key species. It is shown that in most cases temperature and line-of-sight-induced error provides a significant contribution to the total volume-mixing ratio error. The variability of this error as a function of latitude, season and atmospheric model is also analyzed. 相似文献
93.
Hapry F. N. Lapian Marco Barucca Giorgio Bavestrello Maria A. Biscotti Marzia Bo Adriana Canapa Silvia Tazioli Ettore Olmo 《Marine Biology》2007,151(2):785-792
A phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences was performed on 15 species of black corals assigned to the genera Antipathes, Stichopathes, Cirrhipathes, Rhipidipathes, Antipathella, Myriopathes and Cupressopathes recorded from the Messina Strait (Mediterranean Sea) and the Bunaken Marine Park (Celebes Sea, Indonesia). The phylogenetic analysis shows that the examined species are grouped in two main branches corresponding to the families Antipathidae-Aphanipathidae and Myriopathidae. While among the Myriopathidae species there is a very small genetic distance, the Antipathidae-Aphanipathidae clade shows a high degree of divergence between different genera. According to this study, the taxon Antipathes? sp. 3 characterised by a bush-like corallum without a well-defined axis, probably belongs to a new undescribed genus of the family Antipathidae. 相似文献
94.
Alex Kacelnik Marco Vasconcelos Tiago Monteiro Justine Aw 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(3):547-558
Charles Darwin aided his private decision making by an explicit deliberation, famously deciding whether or not to marry by
creating a list of points in a table with two columns: “Marry” and “Not Marry”. One hundred seventy-two years after Darwin’s
wedding, we reconsider whether this process of choice, under which individuals assign values to their options and compare
their relative merits at the time of choosing (the tug-of-war model), applies to our experimental animal, the European Starling,
Sturnus vulgaris. We contrast this with the sequential choice model that postulates that decision-makers make no comparison between options
at the time of choice. According to the latter, behaviour in simultaneous choices reflects adaptations to contexts with sequential
encounters, in which the choice is whether to take an opportunity or let it pass. We postulate that, in sequential encounters,
the decision-maker assigns (by learning) a subjective value to each option, reflecting its payoff relative to background opportunities.
This value is expressed as latency and/or probability to accept each opportunity as opposed to keep searching. In simultaneous
encounters, choice occurs through each option being processed independently, by a race between the mechanisms that generate
option-specific latencies. We describe these alternative models and review data supporting the predictions of the sequential
choice model. 相似文献
95.
Patrick Bergeron Stefano Grignolio Marco Apollonio Bill Shipley Marco Festa-Bianchet 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(8):1299-1307
Social dominance is a fundamental aspect of male evolutionary ecology in polygynous mammals because it determines access to
estrous females. As it is rarely possible to monitor marked individuals of known morphology, little is known about the determinants
of male dominance. We studied the social structure of Alpine ibex males in Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy in 2003, 2006,
and 2007. Dominance interactions produced a linear social hierarchy. In ibex males, body mass and horn length are key traits
in male-male combat, and both increase with age. We explored the links between age, body mass, horn length, and social rank.
Ibex males showed much age-independent phenotypic heterogeneity and rapidly growing males reached high rank at a younger age
than slow-growing males. Because there is no trade-off between horn growth and longevity, fast-growing males may face weak
potential costs of rapid growth and high fitness benefit of achieving high rank. Violent interactions were more likely to
occur between males similar in both mass and horn length, independently of age. We suggest that only high-quality individuals
can afford a strategy of rapid growth for both secondary sexual characters, and likely reap substantial fitness benefits. 相似文献
96.
Marco Ghisalberti 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2010,10(3):329-343
Obstructed shear flows (i.e. those over permeable media) are common in the environment. An archetypal example, flow over a
submerged vegetation canopy, is investigated here. Like any flow through complex geometry, canopy flows are characterised
by strong spatial gradients. The focus of this experimental study is the three-dimensionality of aquatic canopy flow, in particular
that of the coherent interfacial vortices that govern mixing into and out of the canopy. It is shown here that the vortices
have a finite lateral scale that is comparable to their vertical scale; both are of the order of the drag length scale of
the canopy, (C
D
a)−1, where a is the frontal area density and C
D
is a bulk drag coefficient. The finite lateral extent of the vortices generates strong lateral hydrodynamic gradients, both
instantaneously and in the long-term. The instantaneous gradients, which can contribute greatly to the dispersion of dissolved
and particulate species, are far more pronounced. Finally, the potential for canopies to generate differential roughness secondary
circulation is examined. In the consideration of vertical scalar transport, this circulation can be of the same order as turbulent
diffusion. 相似文献
97.
Spatial distribution and temporal variation of epibenthic assemblages of coralligenous biogenic rocky outcrops occurring in
the northern Adriatic Sea (45°04′–45°24′N; 12°23′–12°43′E) were investigated by photographic sampling from 2003 to 2006 at
12 randomly selected sites. The dominant reef-forming organisms were the encrusting calcareous algae (Lithophyllum stictaeforme, Lithothamnion minervae and Peyssonnelia polymorpha), while the main bioeroders were boring sponges (Cliona viridis, C. celata, C. thoosina, C. rhodensis, Piona vastifica) and the bivalve Gastrochaena dubia. Composition of the assemblages varied thorough years and among sites. Spatial heterogeneity, at local and regional scale,
prevailed over temporal variation. This variability was related both to the geo-morphological features of the outcrops and
to environmental variables. Sites clearly differed in the percent cover of reef builder and bioeroder species while only limited
temporal variation within site was found. Some taxa revealed complex intra-site temporal trends. These results provide valuable
information on the diversity and variability of epibenthic assemblages of the northern Adriatic coralligenous reefs, essential
for the management and conservation of these unique biogenic habitats. 相似文献
98.
Paola Rivaro Francisco Ardini Marco Grotti Giuseppe Aulicino Yuri Cotroneo Giannetta Fusco 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(1):1-19
Dissolved iron (Fe) distribution and speciation was determined in water samples (0–200?m) collected in a coastal area near Terra Nova Bay during the austral summer of 2014. Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton composition and prokaryotic biomass distribution were investigated in combination with measurements of the physical properties of the water columns and its dynamics. The dFe value was above the limiting growth concentration, ranging from 0.52 to 4.51?nM, and it showed a spatial variability with a horizontal length scale of about 10?km, according to the variability of the water column physical properties and to iron sources. The organic ligands (L) maintained the concentrations of dFe at levels much higher than the inorganic solubility of Fe, keeping it available for phytoplankton and the log K’FeL values found (from 22.1 to 23.6) highlighted the presence of complexes of differing stabilities. 相似文献
99.
Corniello Alfonso Guida Marco Stellato Luisa Trifuoggi Marco Carraturo Federica Del Gaudio Elena Del Giudice Carmela Forte Giovanni Giarra Antonella Iorio Marina Marzaioli Fabio Toscanesi Maria 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(7):1949-1970
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The study deals with the analyses of springs and wells at the base of Montepugliano Hill that represents the SE edge of the wide carbonate Matese massif... 相似文献
100.
Amanda Xuereb Cassidy C. D'Aloia Marco Andrello Louis Bernatchez Marie-Josée Fortin 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):909-920
The availability of genomic data for an increasing number of species makes it possible to incorporate evolutionary processes into conservation plans. Recent studies show how genetic data can inform spatial conservation prioritization (SCP), but they focus on metrics of diversity and distinctness derived primarily from neutral genetic data sets. Identifying adaptive genetic markers can provide important information regarding the capacity for populations to adapt to environmental change. Yet, the effect of including metrics based on adaptive genomic data into SCP in comparison to more widely used neutral genetic metrics has not been explored. We used existing genomic data on a commercially exploited species, the giant California sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus), to perform SCP for the coastal region of British Columbia (BC), Canada. Using a RAD-seq data set for 717 P. californicus individuals across 24 sampling locations, we identified putatively adaptive (i.e., candidate) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on genotype–environment associations with seafloor temperature. We calculated various metrics for both neutral and candidate SNPs and compared SCP outcomes with independent metrics and combinations of metrics. Priority areas varied depending on whether neutral or candidate SNPs were used and on the specific metric used. For example, targeting sites with a high frequency of warm-temperature-associated alleles to support persistence under future warming prioritized areas in the southern coastal region. In contrast, targeting sites with high expected heterozygosity at candidate loci to support persistence under future environmental uncertainty prioritized areas in the north. When combining metrics, all scenarios generated intermediate solutions, protecting sites that span latitudinal and thermal gradients. Our results demonstrate that distinguishing between neutral and adaptive markers can affect conservation solutions and emphasize the importance of defining objectives when choosing among various genomic metrics for SCP. 相似文献