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71.
Yoshida Y Ito A Murakami M Murakami T Fujimoto H Takeda K Suzuki S Hori M 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(10):1164-1171
Alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs) have been widely used as nonionic surfactants in a variety of industrial and commercial products. Typical compounds are nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) and octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPEOs), which serve as precursors to nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP), respectively. NP and 4-t-OP are known to have endocrine disrupting effects on fish (medaka, Oryzias latipes), so it is important to know the concentrations of APEOs in the environment. Because the analytical characteristics of these compounds depend on the length of the ethoxy chain, it is necessary to use appropriate compounds as internal standards or surrogates. We synthesized two 13C-labeled surrogate compounds and used these compounds as internal standards to determine NPEOs and OPEOs by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry. Method detection limits were 0.015 microg/L for NP (2)EO to 0.037 microg/L for NP(12)EO, and 0.011 microg/L for OP(3,6)EO to 0.024 microg/L for OP (4)EO. NPEO concentrations in water from a sewage treatment plant were less than 0.05-0.52 microg/L for final effluent and 1.2-15 microg/L for influent. OPEO concentrations were less than 0.05-0.15 microg/L for the final effluent and less than 0.05-1.1 microg/L for influent. 相似文献
72.
Masahiro Kamiya Yasuki Mori Takashi Kojima Ryo Sasai Hideaki Itoh 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):27-33
The recycling process for 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) sintered at 1450°–1550°C was
examined by applying low-temperature degradation of zirconia ceramics under hydrothermal conditions. Hydrothermal treatment
at a temperature from 200° to 240°C can lead to the spontaneous disintegration of 3Y-TZP sintered bodies into powdery particles.
The hydrothermally obtained zirconia powder was found to consist of primary particles and aggregated particles. Detailed X-ray
diffraction measurement revealed the formation of a cubic zirconia phase in the 3Y-TZP sintered bodies, which seemed to inhibit
the disintegration of aggregated particles toward the primary particle level. The reclaimed 3Y-TZP powder was sintered again
through a conventional powder processing route. The mechanical properties and microstructure of recycled 3Y-TZP sintered specimens
were examined by comparison with those of the original 3Y-TZP sintered bodies. Dense recycled 3Y-TZP sintered at a higher
temperature exhibited higher fracture toughness to some degree than the original 3Y-TZP. 相似文献
73.
Masao Kunioka Fumi Ninomiya Masahiro Funabashi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(4):281-287
The biobased contents of raw materials such as starches, sugar, chitin, or wood powders for biomass plastics were measured
using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) based on ASTM D6866. AMS measures the isotope carbon ratio of 14C to 12C and 13C in graphite derived from sample powders. The biobased contents of starches, sugar or chitin were almost 100% which means
that they are fully biobased. The biobased contents of the wood powders were over 140% due to the effect of the post 1950s
14C injection due to nuclear testing. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) composite samples were prepared using the polymerization and
direct molding method. The starting compound was the ε-caprolactone monomer liquid combined with cellulose and inorganic fillers
using aluminum triflate as a catalyst at 80 °C for 6 or 24 h. PCL cylinder-shaped composite samples with a homogeneously dispersed
cellulose filler were prepared with Mn = 4,600 (Mw/Mn = 2.9). The biobased content of the PCL composite with 50 wt% cellulose filler (51.67%) measured using AMS was slightly higher
than the carbon ratio of cellulose in the starting powder samples (41.3 mol%). This is due to the higher biobased content
(112.70%) of the cellulose filler used in this study. The biobased content of the polymer composite powders by AMS was found
not to be affected by the presence of inorganic fillers, such as talc. 相似文献
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78.
Fertilization success and sexual behavior in male medaka, Oryzias latipes, exposed to tributyltin 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nakayama K Oshima Y Yamaguchi T Tsuruda Y Kang IJ Kobayashi M Imada N Honjo T 《Chemosphere》2004,55(10):1331-1337
We evaluated the effects of tributyltin (TBT), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and a mixture of TBT and PCBs on reproduction, gonadal histology, and sexual behavior in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). We administered TBT (1 microg g(-1) body weight [b.w.] daily), PCBs (1 microg g(-1) b.w. daily), or both to medaka for 3 weeks. We assessed reproductive success during week 3 and the sexual behavior of male medaka after the exposure period. Fertilization success was significantly decreased in groups that received TBT. The profiles of fertility developed a bimodal distribution in the TBT and TBT+PCBs groups, and the numbers of males that performed "following" and "dancing" were significantly decreased in the TBT+PCBs group. The frequency of "dancing" also decreased after treatment with TBT, whereas fish that received PCBs only showed no difference in sexual behavior. Testes that had oocytes showed normal spermatogenesis, even though two of the five males treated with TBT+PCBs had some indication of testis-ova, which did not occur in any other group. Our results indicate that TBT, but not PCBs, affects sexual behavior and reproduction in medaka. 相似文献
79.
Bacterial endophytes were found from 6 plant leaves among 35 plant leaves screened. Two of the isolated bacteria showed antagonistic activity against fungal plant pathogens. An isolate named KL1 showed the clear inihibition against plant pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, on PDA as well as TSA plate. Supernatant of the bacterial culture also showed the clear inhibition against the fungal growth on the plate and the antibiotic substance was identified as iturin A by HPLC analysis. KL1 was identified as Bacillus sp. from the 16S rRNA gene analysis. Very thin hyphae of R. solani was miccroscopically observed when the fungus was co-cultivated with KL1. 相似文献
80.
Here, we examined the incineration of extruded polystyrene containing hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) in a pilot-scale incinerator under various combustion temperatures(800–950℃) and flue gas residence times(2–8 sec). Rates of HBCD decomposition ranged from 99.996%(800℃, 2 sec) to 99.9999%(950℃, 8 sec); the decomposition of HBCD, except during the initial stage of combustion(flue gas residence time 2 sec), followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics model. An Arrhenius plot revealed that the activation energy and frequency factor of the decomposition of HBCD by combustion were 14.2 kJ/mol and 1.69 sec~(-1),respectively. During combustion, 11 brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(BrPAHs)were detected as unintentional by-products. Of the 11 BrPAHs detected, 2-bromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were detected at the highest concentrations. The mutagenic and carcinogenic BrPAHs 1,5-dibromoanthracene and 1-bromopyrene were most frequently detected in the flue gases analyzed. The total concentration of BrPAHs exponentially increased(range,87.8–2,040,000 ng/m~3) with increasing flue gas residence time. Results from a qualitative analysis using gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry suggest that bromofluorene and bromopyrene(or fluoranthene) congeners were also produced during the combustion. 相似文献