Water resource use and driving forces analysis for crop production in China coupling irrigation and water footprint paradigms

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The crop water relationship quantification is conducive to decision-making for regional food safety and resource conservation. However, irrigation...     

焦化废水缓冲体系的存在证明与集水调节池中水质结构调控

采用FeSO4对焦化废水原水进行pH调节,发现焦化废水原水中存在酸碱缓冲体系,具有很强的酸碱缓冲能力.焦化废水原水pH值约为9.6时,HCO3-、CN-、HS-、S2-、NH3、C6H5O-和胺类等以共轭碱的形式存在,对应的缓冲容量较高;随着pH的降低,共轭碱所占比例逐渐减少,对应的弱酸分布分数逐渐增多,缓冲容量逐渐减小;当pH调节至中性时,pH与pKa值接近,共轭碱与弱酸的分布分数近似相等,废水的缓冲容量有升高的趋势.在调节pH的过程中,由于FeSO4的水解、沉淀与络合作用,在投加量为2.0 g.L-1,反应时间15 min时,焦化废水中的氰化物、硫化物、油分及COD的去除量分别为1.5 mg CN-.g-1、27.3 mg S2-.g-1、15 mg总油.g-1及504 mg COD.g-1,pH影响各种污染物的形态分布而实现水质结构的调控.     

Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coking wastewater treatment plant residual by an O3/ultraviolet fluidized bed reactor

Coking wastewater treatment plant (CWWTP) represents a typical point source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the water environment and threatens the safety of drinking water in downstream regions. To enhance the removal of residual PAHs from bio-treated coking wastewater, a pilot-scale O₃/ultraviolet (UV) fluidized bed reactor (O₃/UV FBR) was designed and different operating factors including UV irradiation intensity, pH, initial concentration, contact time, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were investigated at an ozone level of 240 g h^?1 and 25?±?3 °C. A health risk evaluation and cost analysis were also carried out under the continuous-flow mode. As far as we know, this is the first time an O₃/UV FBR has been explored for PAHs treatment. The results indicated that between 41 and 75 % of 18 target PAHs were removed in O₃/UV FBR due to synergistic effects of UV irradiation. Both increased reaction time and increased pH were beneficial for the removal of PAHs. The degradation of the target PAHs within 8 h can be well fitted by the pseudo-first-order kinetics (R ²?>?0.920). The reaction rate was also positively correlated with the initial concentrations of PAHs. The health risk assessment showed that the total amount of carcinogenic substance exposure to surface water was reduced by 0.432 g day^?1. The economic analysis showed that the O₃/UV FBR was able to remove 18 target PAHs at a cost of US$0.34 m^?3. These results suggest that O₃/UV FBR is efficient in removing residuals from CWWTP, thus reducing the accumulation of persistent pollutant released to surface water.     

土壤团聚体与微生物相互作用研究

土壤团聚体是土壤生态系统中重要的组成部分,影响着土壤的物理、化学和生物学性质,它的形成是生命和非生命物质共同作用的结果,其中微生物是形成土壤团聚体最活跃的生物因素。土壤团聚体和微生物是不可分割的,前者是后者存在的场所,后者是前者形成的主要因素。土壤微生物通过直接改造或物理缠绕、分泌有机物或者改变土壤疏水性等机制影响土壤有机质的分异和土壤团聚结构的形成和稳定;同时,土壤团聚结构的动态变化又反馈控制土壤微生物活动和土壤有机质组分的分异作用,使得土壤团聚结构-土壤有机质组分-微生物群落结构的动态变化之间存在耦合作用。该文首先综述了微生物在土壤团聚体形成中的作用,发现不同种类的微生物对不同粒级团聚体的形成和稳定机制不同,真菌对大团聚体的形成和稳定性起重要作用,来自于植物和微生物的多糖在土壤微团聚体的形成和稳定中起关键作用;其次,微生物在不同粒径团聚体中的组成和分布不同,大团聚体中以真菌为主,微团聚体中以细菌为主;最后探讨了目前应用广泛的研究团聚体中微生物的技术手段和未来研究思路,以期为今后的科学研究提供理论和方法上的指导。     

生物炭环境修复应用研究的文献计量学分析

基于文献计量学,对近年来受到广泛关注的生物炭用于环境修复的国内外相关成果进行定量和定性分析,梳理研究总体情况及下一步重点和热点研究方向。结果显示:2009年1月1日—2019年9月1日,国内外共发表相关Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-E)源论文1 272篇,相关文章数量总体呈逐年递增的趋势,年均增长率约273.67%;中国的发文总量及独立发文量均位居榜首,总量达617篇(48.51%);发文量前15的作者中40%来自中国,但高被引文献较少。土壤修复、吸附性、重金属等为该领域的研究热点。纳米零价铁、表面络合和固定重金属是生物炭环境修复研究的3个主要方向。推测生物炭修复环境中新兴污染物、土壤改良、合成生物炭基纳米复合材料将成为未来研究热点。降低成本实现生产和工艺集成转型,系统全面地研究生物炭与污染物作用机制,实现生物炭的回收再利用以及制定生物炭标准化施用准则等可作为进一步研究重点。     

Policy-making coordination of municipal solid waste policies in China: a content analysis

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Massive urbanization and rapid development of urban economy have increased the generation of municipal solid waste in China. Like all developing...     

焦化废水尾水O3氧化消除消毒副产物生成潜能的影响分析

焦化废水经生化处理后的尾水中含有多种溶解性有机物(DOM),可能成为消毒副产物的前体物,进而影响受纳水体下游给水厂的水质安全.因此,对焦化废水外排水(尾水)的消毒副产物生成潜能进行了分析,以实际焦化废水厂尾水为基质,采用气相色谱(GC)考察了O3氧化深度处理前后卤乙腈和三卤甲烷的生成潜能,并结合分子质量分布法和三维荧光光谱法分析了O3氧化处理尾水过程中前体物的转化规律.GC结果表明,焦化废水尾水各个分子质量范围的卤乙腈和三卤甲烷生成潜能分别达到1950.5～3965.1μg.L-1和1498.2～2571.2μg.L-1,表明工业废水排放之前需要考虑其对水体消毒副产物生成潜能的贡献.O3氧化作用可以实现尾水中消毒副产物前体物的削减,相同反应时间的条件下O3浓度越高其削减越有效.溶解性有机碳(DOC)及在254nm波长下的吸光度值(UV254)分析结果表明,O3氧化能部分矿化尾水中的有机物,并优先分解不饱和芳香性有机组分.分子质量和荧光光谱分析结果表明,O3氧化优先矿化小分子组分(<1kDa),并将尾水中大分子有机物分解为小分子(<1kDa),对活泼基团进行预氧化,从而实现氯消毒副产物生成潜能的削减.     

Use of catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) for pretreatment of high-salinity high-organic wastewater

Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) coupled desalination technology provides a possibility for the effective and economic degradation of high salinity and high organic wastewater. Chloride widely occurs in natural and wastewaters, and its high content jeopardizes the efficacy of Advanced oxidation process (AOPs). Thus, a novel chlorine ion resistant catalyst B-site Ru doped LaFe_1-xRu_xO_3-δ in CWAO treatment of chlorine ion wastewater was examined. Especially, LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ was 45.5% better than that of the 6%RuO₂@TiO₂ (commercial carrier) on total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Also, doped catalysts LaFe_1-xRu_xO_3-δ showed better activity than supported catalysts RuO₂@LaFeO₃ and RuO₂@TiO₂ with the same Ru content. Moreover, LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ has novel chlorine ion resistance no matter the concentration of Cl⁻ and no Ru dissolves after the reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) refinement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements verified the structure of LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ. Kinetic data and density functional theory (DFT) proved that Fe is the site of acetic acid oxidation and adsorption of chloride ions. The existence of Fe in LaFe_0.85Ru_0.15O_3-δ could adsorb chlorine ion (catalytic activity inhibitor), which can protect the Ru site and other active oxygen species to exert catalytic activity. This work is essential for the development of chloride-resistant catalyst in CWAO.

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