玉米秸秆生物炭对沉积物中BDE-47生态毒性的影响

生物炭对于污染沉积物的原位修复具有很大的潜力,但关于生物炭对沉积物中有机污染物生态毒性影响的研究则较少报道。为评价生物炭对沉积物中BDE-47生态毒性的影响,以底栖动物铜锈环棱螺为测试生物,采用28 d慢性沉积物生物测试研究了不同添加比例的玉米秸秆生物炭(CSB)与BDE-47联合作用对BDE-47生物积累、肝胰脏细胞DNA损伤以及氧化胁迫生物标志物的影响。结果表明,在慢性暴露情况下,CSB对铜锈环棱螺不具有毒性;CSB通过显著降低沉积物间隙水中BDE-47的浓度而降低其在铜锈环棱螺体内的生物积累。在实验浓度范围内(1%～7%),CSB添加比例越高,降低BDE-47生物积累的效果越显著。不同添加比例的CSB均可以显著降低BDE-47对铜锈环棱螺DNA损伤的毒性,较高比例(4%和7%)CSB的效果更为显著,但BDE-47的氧化胁迫毒性不随CSB添加比例的升高而下降。因此,从降低BDE-47生态毒性的角度考虑,沉积物中CSB的合适添加比例为4%左右。     

Relationship embedding and environmental governance performance research of pollution in a mining area,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of this study was to explore the enterprises in the mining area, in the face of environmental pollution, to use relationship embedding to...     

2009年中国大陆地震灾害损失述评

在列出2009年中国5.0级以上地震目录的基础上,结合年度有关省(自治区、直辖市)地震局的地震灾害评估资料,总结出2009年中国大陆地震灾害的主要数据和特性。最后对自1990年以来中国大陆地震灾害的相关数据进行了简要的比较。     

农田蔬菜中重金属污染和铅稳定同位素特征分析

采集南京市栖霞山铅锌矿附近农田中6种蔬菜和相应的根际土壤,测定了蔬菜(根系和茎叶)和根际土壤样品铅、镉、铜和锌含量和铅稳定同位素比率.结果表明,土壤受到铅、镉和锌污染,其中镉是最重要污染物;蔬菜根系和茎叶铅、镉、铜和锌含量具有明显的种属特异性;与<食品中污染物限量>(GB 2762-2005)、<食品中铜限量卫生标准>(GB 15199-1994)和<食品中锌限量卫生标准>(GB 13106-1991)中阈值相比.蔬菜中铅、镉和锌含量超标严重.铅稳定同位素比率表明.蔬菜的铅稳定同位素比率与土壤铅稳定同位索比率明显不同.因而土壤不是蔬菜富集铅的全部来源,大气可能是其重要来源之一.     

西海固地区可持续发展中的生态环境问题及对策

本文分析了宁夏西海固贫困少数民族地区生态环境的基本特征和影响因素,提出了生态环境整治与建设的基本对策。     

关于完善环境污染损害赔偿法律救济的思考

随着经济的飞速发展,环境污染的现象日益严重。目前我国解决环境污染损害赔偿责任纠纷的方式包括两种,即行政处理和诉讼解决。我国环境污染损害赔偿制度尚不完善。本文就完善环境污染损害赔偿法律救济提出具体建议,即修改、完善环境污染损害赔偿相关法律制度,使其适应经济和社会可持续发展的需要。     

Chlorophyll and suspended sediment mapping to the Caribbean Sea from rivers in the capital city of the Dominican Republic using ALOS AVNIR-2 data

This study aims to study the distribution of contaminants in rivers that flow into the Caribbean Sea using chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended sediment (SS) as markers and ALOS AVNIR-2 satellite sensor data. The Haina River (HN) and Ozama and Isabela Rivers (OZ-IS) that flow through the city of Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic, were chosen. First, in situ spectral reflectance/Chl-a and SS datasets obtained from these rivers were acquired in March 2011 (case A: with no rain influence) and June 2011 (case B: with rain influence), and the estimation algorithm of Chl-a and SS using AVNIR-2 data was developed from the datasets. Moreover, the developed algorithm was applied to AVNIR-2 data in November 2010 for case A and August 2010 for case B. Results revealed that for Chl-a and SS estimations under cases A and B conditions, the reflectance ratio of AVNIR-2 band 4 and band 3 (AV4/AV3) and the reflectance of AVNIR-2 band 4 (AV4) were effective. The Chl-a and SS mapping results obtained using AVNIR-2 data corresponded with the field survey results. Finally, an outline of the distribution of contaminants at the mouth of the river that flows into the Caribbean Sea was obtained for both rivers in cases A and B.     

Polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS): application for monitoring organic micropollutants in wastewater effluent and surface water

In this paper, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) for the evaluation of river water quality downstream of wastewater treatment plants. POCIS proved well adapted to sampling alkylphenols and several pharmaceuticals. Concentration factors and the decrease in limits of quantification, compared to grab water sample analyses, were significant except for hormones, β-blockers and bronchodilators. Promising preliminary results obtained in situ on deuterated atenolol used as a performance reference compound need to be confirmed in-lab. This work confirms that POCIS is a valuable tool for monitoring hydrophilic organic molecules in river and wastewaters.     

华北地区一次重污染天气的气象变化过程分析

利用大气环境监测数据、常规气象观测资料、探空数据以及HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式对2014年2月20—26日发生在华北区域的一次大面积重污染天气进行综合分析。利用风云卫星观测资料直观展示了污染的生成、消散状况。结果表明,在此次重污染天气过程中,华北地区主要城市均观测到高浓度的PM_(2.5),其中北京、石家庄PM_(2.5)小时浓度均值分别为286.1、371.2μg/m~3。该次污染与天气过程关系密切,平稳的高空环流形势、华北地面弱低压为污染天气的发生、发展提供了有利的气象条件。地面的静风或小风天气以及近地逆温的出现有利于污染的维持。后向轨迹分析表明,此次污染过程区域性明显,南部、西南部周边地区的污染物外源性输入对研究的主要城市有显著影响。     

Impact of wastewater treatment plants on receiving surface waters and a tentative risk evaluation: the case of estrogens and beta blockers

Five estrogenic hormones (unconjugated?+?conjugated fractions) and 10 beta blockers were analyzed in three wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and receiving river waters in the area of Lyon, France. In the different samples, only two estrogens were quantified: estrone and estriol. Some beta blockers, such as atenolol, acebutolol, and sotalol, were almost always quantified, but others, e.g., betaxolol, nadolol, and oxprenolol were rarely quantified. Concentrations measured in river waters were in the nanogram per liter range for estrogens and between 0.3 and 210 ng/L for beta blockers depending on the substance and the distance from the WWTP outfall. The impact of the WWTP on the receiving rivers was studied and showed a clear increase in concentrations near the WWTP outfall. For estrogens, the persistence in surface waters was not evaluated given the low concentrations levels (around 1 ng/L). For beta blockers, concentrations measured downstream of the WWTP outfall were up to 16 times higher than those measured upstream. Also, the persistence of metoprolol, nadolol, and propranolol was noted even 2 km downstream of the WWTP outfall. The comparison of beta blocker fingerprints in the samples collected in effluent and in the river also showed the impact of WWTP outfall on surface waters. Finally, a tentative environmental risk evaluation was performed on 15 sites by calculating the ratio of receiving water concentrations to predicted non-effect concentrations (PNEC). For estrogens, a total PNEC of 5 ng/L was considered and these substances were not linked to any potential environmental risk (only one site showed an environmental risk ratio above 1). Unfortunately, few PNECs are available and risk evaluation was only possible for 4 of the 10 beta blockers studied: acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol. Only propranolol presented a ratio near or above 1, showing a possible environmental risk for 4 receiving waters out of 15.