Effect of temperature and oxygen on the formation of chlorobenzene as the indicator of PCDD/Fs

Sampling and analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) are both time-consuming and expensive. In principle,real-time monitoring of chlorobenzene(CBz) as an indicator for PCDD/Fs could be useful to control and optimize incinerator operating conditions.To test this strategy,CBz was analyzed together with PCDD/Fs in flue gas samples collected from a hospital waste incinerator.Moreover,lab experiments were conducted to investigate the eect of temperature and oxygen on CBz formation from fly ash from the same incinerator.The experimental results demonstrate that chlorobenzene(in particular PeCBz) correlate well with PCDD/Fs,in line with previous research.The optimum temperature of CBz formation is in a range of 350 to 400°C and CBz yield increases significantly with oxygen,in line with PCDD/Fs formation.This study is useful for confirming the de novo mechanism and defining correlations between CBz and PCDD/Fs.     

养殖塘CH4排放特征及其影响因素

富营养化的养殖塘是重要的甲烷(CH_4)排放源.为明确养殖塘CH_4排放特征及其影响因素,本研究利用倒置漏斗法和体积扩散模型法,分别对安徽全椒两个养殖塘冬、春季CH_4冒泡通量和扩散通量进行了多日连续观测.结果表明,冬季CH_4冒泡通量白天高于夜间,夜间几乎为零;春季夜间高于白天.在季节尺度上,冬季CH_4冒泡通量显著低于春季,分别为3. 92mg·(m~2·d)-1和106. 94 mg·(m~2·d)-1;冬季CH_4扩散通量略高于春季,分别为2. 81 mg·(m~2·d)-1和0. 87 mg·(m~2·d)-1.自然因素(水温和气压)与CH_4冒泡通量和扩散通量显著相关.其中随水温的升高、气压的降低,CH_4冒泡通量分别呈指数递增和线性递增趋势.人工管理措施(冬季排水和春季施粪)会显著提高CH_4冒泡通量,但对扩散通量的影响并不显著.在冬季排水期间,水深与CH_4冒泡通量显著负相关;在春季鸡粪投放点,CH_4冒泡通量可高达1002. 30 mg·(m~2·d)-1.本研究可为评估小型养殖塘对全球碳循环的贡献提供数据支撑.     

TiO2光催化氧化脱除模拟烟气中的NOx

采用P25纳米TiO2为催化剂,对NOx浓度360 mg/m3的模拟烟气进行了光催化氧化实验研究,以期为此种方法在电厂烟气脱硝方面的应用提供依据.经SEM、XRD等表征手段,探讨了催化剂晶型尺寸对光催化的作用.实验考察了光催化反应过程规律以及负载量、光照度、NO初始浓度、O2含量、相对湿度和停留时间对光催化氧化效率的影响.结果表明,光催化反应是瞬态到稳态的过程,其催化效率与上述影响因子有密切关系.实验最优条件下NOx的脱除率为46％,但只需适当提高氧化效能,便能达到理想的效果.     

地铁振动荷载作用下场地动力响应及振动衰减规律研究∗

地铁列车运行引起的场地振动对临近建筑、精密仪器等带来不可忽视的影响。为了研究场地在地铁运行振动荷载作用下的动力响应规律,基于 ABAQUS 软件建立了地铁隧道?土相互作用系统的二维有限元模型,并通过现场试验监测数据验证了模型的有效性。在此基础上,通过对场地表面振动峰值速度和加速度时程分析,研究了隧道埋置深度、土体阻尼比、土体不均匀性对场地地表振动特性及衰减规律的影响。研究结果表明：在一定范围内,土体表面的动力响应随着隧道埋置深度、土体阻尼比的增大而减小;不同土质条件下的场地地表的动力响应有一定的差别,但随着距离的增大,差别逐渐缩小。基于上述参数分析,采用 MATLAB 对峰值速度衰减曲线进行拟合,给出了场地振动衰减预测公式,可为振动敏感建筑场地的选择提供参考。     

浙江农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准修订需求分析与建议

以浙江《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》(DB33/973—2015)的修订为研究切入点,对比了现行标准与国家和浙江农村生活污水治理的管理要求,分析了浙江农村生活污水处理现状并梳理其他省(自治区、直辖市)标准情况.研究发现DB33/973—2015已不符合浙江实际情况且不能满足浙江对农村生活污水的管理需求,必须开...     

地震作用下土‐深埋地下结构相互作用的高效时程分析方法∗

基于黏弹性边界和将场地地震反应转化为等效荷载的有限元直接法是目前进行地震作用下土-结构相互作用分析的常用时程分析方法之一。当结构埋深较深时,整个土-结构系统的有限元模型自由度数目较多,尤其对于三维问题,计算效率低。提出一种高效分析方法,即一维场地反应分析仍然针对整个深厚土层,在后续的土-结构相互作用分析中将土-结构计算模型的自由表面向下移动、底边界面向上移动到接近结构的位置,通过缩减土-结构相互作用模型尺寸来提高计算效率。采用理论分析与数值算例,通过与采用整个深厚土层的传统土-结构相互作用分析结果对比,说明提出的高效分析方法能够满足精度要求,并且针对不同结构尺寸、结构埋深和围岩等级给出上、下人工边界位置的建议。     

活性炭吸附-超临界CO2解吸附四氯乙烯的特性研究

应用Boyd理论研究了活性炭吸附水中四氯乙烯(PCE)的吸附速率以及超临界CO2萃取PCE饱和活性炭的解吸附速率.结果表明,在0.5～48.0 h内,吸附速率曲线具有直线相关关系,R2=0.996 0,其吸附速率可用粒内扩散系数Di表示,Di=4.00×1010cm2/s;在超临界CO2解吸附过程中,在1～5 min内,时间与解吸附率存在直线相关关系,R2=0.947 5,其解吸附速率用粒内扩散系数Di/SF表示,Di/SF=-5.19×10-5cm2/s,比Di大105倍,说明超临界流体具有优越的传输性能;用Boyd理论可粗略描述活性炭吸附-超临界CO2解吸附PCE的过程.     

基于硬件投入产出效益分析的上海市生活垃圾分类政策评价

本研究基于垃圾车、分类投放点、回收服务点、垃圾中转站4类硬件投入要素,以上海市垃圾分类政策实施效果作为研究对象,利用数据包络DEA分析方法,针对2020年1月~2021年6月上海市强制性垃圾分类具体的实施效果逐月展开分析和评测.结果表明,条例颁布后,上海市生活垃圾分类总体实施成效较为良好,综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率平均值分别为0.957、0.993、0.963,均处于相对有效状态,但部分月份存在投入冗余及产出不足情况,仍有很大的进步空间.建议将投入要素均衡地作用到可回收物、干垃圾、湿垃圾以及有害垃圾的城市生活垃圾处理方面,进而提升上海市可回收物、干垃圾、湿垃圾以及有害垃圾的处理水平,提高政策实施效率.     

Effect of inorganic coagulant addition under hydrothermal treatment on the dewatering performance of excess sludge with various dewatering conditions

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - A study for producing low moisture content sludge cake was performed by adding NaCl, CaCl2, Ca(OH)2, or FeCl3 to excess sewage sludge under...     

Specific biotests to assess eco-toxicity of biodegradable polymer materials in soil

Eco-toxicity investigation of polymer materials was considered extremely necessary for their potential menace, which was widely use as mulching materials in agricultural. In this study, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and synthetic biomaterials-Ecoflex and cellulose were applying into soil cultivated with two potential indicator plants species: oat (Avena sativa) and red radish (Raphanus sativum). Variety of chemical, biochemical parameters and enzyme activity in soil were proved as effective approach to evaluate polymers phytotoxicity in plant-soil mesocosm. The F-value of biomass, pH, heavy metal and electoral conductivity of Raphanus behaved significant different from T0. Significant analysis results indicated biodegradation was fast in PE than PS, besides, heavy metals were dramatically decrease in the end implied the plant absorption may help decrease heavy metal toxicity. The increase value at T2 of Dehydrogenase activity (0.84 higher than average value for Avena & 0.91 higher for Raphanus), Metabolic Index (3.12 higher than average value for Avena & 3.81 higher for Raphanus) means during soil enzyme activity was promoted by biodegradation for its heterotrophic organisms’ energy transportation was stimulated. Statistics analysis was carried on Biplot PC1 (24.2% of the total variance), PC2 (23.2% of the total variance), versus PC3 (22.8% of the total variance), which indicated phosphatase activity and metabolic index was significant correlated, and high correlation of ammonium and protease activity. Furthermore, the effects were more evident in Raphanus treatments than in Avena, suggesting the higher sensitivity of Raphanus to polymers treatment, which indicate biodegradation of polymers in Raphanus treatment has produced intermediate phytotoxic compounds.