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251.
Lee YJ Lim YW Yang JY Kim CS Shin YC Shin DC 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(3):603-609
This study evaluated the prospective damage costs of PM(2.5) inhalation. We performed a health risk assessment based on an exposure-response function to estimate the annual population risk in the Seoul metropolitan city, Korea. Also, we estimated a willingness-to-pay (WTP) amount for reducing the mortality rate in order to evaluate a statistical life value. We combined the annual population risk and the value-of-statistical-life to calculate the damage cost estimate. In the health risk assessment, we applied the PM(2.5) relative risk to evaluate the annual population risk. We targeted an exposure population of 5,401,369 persons who were over the age of 30. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation for uncertainty analysis, we estimated that the population risk of PM(2.5) inhalation during a year in Seoul is 2181 premature deaths for acute exposure and 18,510 premature deaths for chronic exposure. The monthly average WTP for 5/1000 mortality reduction over ten years is $20.20 USD (95% C.I: $16.60-24.50) and the implied value-of-statistical-life (VSL) is $485,000 USD (95% C.I: $398,000-588,000). The damage cost estimate due to risk from PM(2.5) inhalation in Seoul is about $1057 million USD per year for acute exposure, and $8972 million USD per year for chronic exposure. It is important to note that this cost estimate does not reflect all health damage cost estimates in this urban area. This recommendation is a model for evaluating a mortality risk reduction and as such we must re-evaluate an integrated application of morbidity risk. 相似文献
252.
武江 (乐昌段)水体底泥重金属污染调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对武江乐昌段由上游矿山废水排泄沟、中游霜降河和下游武江段3段水道底泥中Pb、Zn、Cu进行测定.结果表明,Pb的质量比为2.54×103 mg/kg、1.33×103 mg/kg和30.7 mg/kg,Zn的质量比为1.01×103 mg/kg、2.48×103 mg/kg和156 mg/kg,Cu的质量比为42.9 mg/kg、68.8 mg/kg和69.4 mg/kg.3段支水道底泥污染负荷指数(IPL值)分别是14.0、10.6和1.46,整个区域IPL值为6.19,达到极强度污染程度.Pb、Zn总体污染程度比Cu严重,对武江乐昌段及其下游地区存在潜在生态风险.指出,霜降河和废水排泄沟段底泥不能农用,需特别谨慎地疏浚、转运和处置,而武江段底泥则可农用. 相似文献
253.
Enhanced catalytic degradation process of o-nitrochlorobenzene by palladium-catalyzed Fe0 particles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Over Pd/Fe bimetallic catalyst, o-nitrochlorobenzene(o-NCB), at a concentration of 20 mg/L in aqueous solutions, is rapidly converted to o-chloroaniline(o-CAN) first, and then quickly dechlorinated to aniline(AN) and Cl^- , without other intermediate reaction products. The aminated and dechlorinated reactions are believed to take place on the surface site of the Pd/Fe. The o-NCB removal efficiency and the next dechlorination rate increase with an increase of bulk loading of palladium and catalysts addition due to the increase of both the surface loading of palladium and the total surface area. These results indicate that reduction, amination and dechlorination of o- NCB by palladium-catalyzed Fe^0 particles, can be designed for remediation of contaminated groundwater. 相似文献
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255.
地下水作为新疆平原区重要的饮用水水源。为了解新疆阿克苏平原区地下水化学演化过程,运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比法、矿物稳定场图和反向水文地球化学模拟,对研究区2017年30组地下水取样点的检测结果进行分析。其结果表明:阿克苏平原区地下水中阳离子平均含量总体为Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+,阴离子平均含量总体为SO42- > HCO3- > Cl-;从山前倾斜平原到冲积平原地下水中各离子表现出累积作用;地下水各化学成分不仅来源于蒸发盐岩和碳酸盐岩的溶滤,钠长石、钙长石等硅酸盐岩对地下水中化学成分也存在一定影响,各矿物溶解强度表现为岩盐岩 > 蒸发盐岩 > 碳酸盐岩 > 硅酸盐岩;在反应路径中,含水介质岩土颗粒越细,反应路径越长,越有利于离子交换。 相似文献
256.
介绍了正常海相硅质细碎屑沉积物有机碳与硫化物硫比值(C/S)的含义。以秦岭镇旬盆地南羊山组不同沉积环境沉积物C/S值为例,讨论了还原环境中活性铁的不足对沉积物C/S值的影响,以及有深部成矿物质参与的沉积物具后期发生流化物化沉积物特征的可能性。 相似文献
257.
Xiaofei Qin Xijuan Xi Zhongzhi Yang Shishuai Yan Yaxian Zhao Rongguo Wei Yan Li Mi Tian Xingru Zhao Zhanfen Qin Xiaobai Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(5):744-751
Decabromodiphenyl ether (decaBDE), as a flame retardant, is widely produced and used. To study the thyroid disruption by technical
decaBDE at low concentrations, Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed to technical decaBDE mixture DE-83R (1–1000 ng/L) in
water from stage 46/47 (free swimming larvae, system of Nieuwkoop and Faber) to stage 62. DE-83R at concentration of 1000 ng/L
significantly delayed the time to metamorphosis (presented by forelimb emergence, FLE). Histological examination showed that DE-
83R at all tested concentrations caused histological alterations – multilayer follicular epithelial cell and markedly increased follicle size
accompanied by partial colloid depletion and increase in the peripheral colloid vacuolation, in thyroid glands. All tested concentrations
of DE-83R also induced a down-regulation of thyroid receptor mRNA expression. These results demonstrated that technical decaBDE
disrupted the thyroid system in X. laevis tadpoles. Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (sum of 39 congeners) in X.
laevis indicated that mean concentrations of total PBDEs in X. laevis exposed to 1, 10, 100, 1000 ng/L were 11.0, 128.1, 412.1, 1400.2
ng/g wet weight, respectively. Considering that PBDEs burden of X. laevis tadpoles was close to PBDEs levels in amphibians as reported
in previous studies, our study has raised new concerns for thyroid disruption in amphibians of technical decaBDE at environmentally
relevant concentrations. 相似文献
258.
Hangjun Zhang Guoying Zhu Xiuying Ji Ying Ding Mi Zhang Qing Gao Ciming Hu Shuying Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(12):1983-1988
The bamboo charcoal adsorbent modified with chitosan can effectively remove microcystin-LR from drinking water. 相似文献
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