全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13428篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 66篇 |
废物处理 | 907篇 |
环保管理 | 1378篇 |
综合类 | 2402篇 |
基础理论 | 3862篇 |
环境理论 | 8篇 |
污染及防治 | 2627篇 |
评价与监测 | 1179篇 |
社会与环境 | 1027篇 |
灾害及防治 | 6篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 31篇 |
2019年 | 42篇 |
2018年 | 1513篇 |
2017年 | 1416篇 |
2016年 | 1254篇 |
2015年 | 200篇 |
2014年 | 115篇 |
2013年 | 196篇 |
2012年 | 541篇 |
2011年 | 1457篇 |
2010年 | 789篇 |
2009年 | 707篇 |
2008年 | 1041篇 |
2007年 | 1359篇 |
2006年 | 147篇 |
2005年 | 140篇 |
2004年 | 137篇 |
2003年 | 157篇 |
2002年 | 217篇 |
2001年 | 94篇 |
2000年 | 79篇 |
1999年 | 51篇 |
1998年 | 49篇 |
1997年 | 38篇 |
1996年 | 44篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 47篇 |
1992年 | 43篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 37篇 |
1989年 | 32篇 |
1984年 | 37篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1976年 | 32篇 |
1973年 | 29篇 |
1968年 | 29篇 |
1967年 | 34篇 |
1966年 | 30篇 |
1965年 | 47篇 |
1964年 | 37篇 |
1963年 | 36篇 |
1962年 | 31篇 |
1961年 | 44篇 |
1960年 | 39篇 |
1959年 | 41篇 |
1958年 | 45篇 |
1957年 | 39篇 |
1956年 | 40篇 |
1955年 | 37篇 |
1954年 | 40篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
201.
The discussion on the possible increase of solar UV on earth due to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone has led to a renewed interest in the action of ultraviolet radiation on biological systems. The paper deals with changes at the cellular level stressing particularly molecular alterations in deoxyribonucleic acid, the carrier of genetic information. The most important repair processes by which lesions are removed or bypassed are described. It is also discussed whether the effectivity of a complex spectrum can be predicted on the basis of measurements with monochromatic radiation. Furthermore, possible consequences on human health are outlined which may be derived from cellular studies. 相似文献
202.
Andreas Züttel 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(3):343-365
Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in
pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also
pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels.
Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of
toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element
in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay
for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming
energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen
is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric
density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure
gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific
surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent
and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily
react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can
be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace. 相似文献
203.
Klaus Peter Sauer Thomas Lubjuhn Jörn Sindern Harald Kullmann Joachim Kurtz Conny Epplen Jörg Thomas Epplen 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1998,85(5):219-228
Panorpa vulgaris has become a model insect for testing theories of sexual selection. This contribution summarizes that which has been learned
in recent years and presents new data that clearly show that the mating system of P. vulgaris is not simply a resource-defense polygyny, as has previously been thought. In P. vulgaris neither the pattern in food exploitation nor the ratio of variance in the lifetime reproductive success of the two sexes
is in accordance with that expected in resource defense polygynous mating systems. Lifetime mating duration is the most important
proximate determinant of male fitness. Males employing alternative mating tactics obtain copulations of varying duration in
relation to the following sequence: saliva secretion 1 food offering 1 no gift. The number of salivary masses which males
provide to females during their lifetime is significantly correlated with the lifetime condition index. The condition index
depends on the fighting prowess of males and their ability to find food items. Thus saliva secretion of Panorpa is considered a Zahavian handicap, which can serve as an honest quality indicator used by mating females. Our results confirm
four main predictions of the indicator model of the theory of sexual selection: (a) the indicator signals high ecological
quality of its bearer, (b) the indicator value increases with phenotypic quality, (c) the indicator value is positively correlated
with the genetic quality affecting offspring fitness in a natural selection context, and (d) the quality indicator is more
costly for low- than for high-quality individuals. The evolutionary consequences of the mating pattern and the sperm competition
mechanism in P. vulgaris are discussed in the context the way in which sexual selection creates and maintains sperm mixing and the evolution of a
promiscuous mating system. 相似文献
204.
205.
Chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld syndrome) has previously been diagnosed prenatally only once, using fetoscopy. We report on two consecutive pregnancies in a woman at risk of having a child with the syndrome during which fetoscopic visualization was performed. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome was diagnosed prenatally in one instance, while it could be excluded in the other one. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of the syndrome is discussed. 相似文献
206.
The effects of reduced oxygen concentrations in the gas phase over the culture medium on colony formation and cell proliferation were investigated in high and low cell density primary and secondary cultures of amniotic fluid cells. Using two standard culture methods (25 cm2 plastic flasks and Leighton type tubes) a significantly reduced culture time was observed at high cell density for mass cultures by incubation within a low oxygen tension gas phase (2.5 per cent to 7.5 per cent O2) instead of conventional air (18 per cent O2). At low cell density colony formation was significantly enhanced in cultures grown at reduced oxygen tension. Using gas permeable membranes as support, lowering the oxygen tension from 7.5 per cent to 2.5 per cent yielded an increase in plating efficiency of cells from approximately 5 per cent to 25 per cent, whereas plating efficiency was less than 2 per cent for cells grown at ambient 18 per cent O2. It is suggested that low oxygen tension in the gas phase is an effective means of enhancing clonal growth in amniotic fluid cell cultures, thereby reducing both culture time and risk of culture failure. 相似文献
207.
208.
209.
FUENSANTA CARAVACA DINO FIGUEROA ANTONIO ROLDÁn CONCEPCIÓN AZCÓN-AGUILAR 《Environmental management》2003,31(3):0412-0420
The reestablisment of autochthonous plant species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded areas under semiarid conditions.
A field experiment was carried out to assess the short-term effect of two reafforestation methods involving mycorrhizal inoculation
and compost addition on soil quality parameters and Rhamnus lycioides seedling growth. The nutrient content (NPK) and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase
and β-glucosidase) increased and bulk density decreased in the rhizosphere soil with the organic amendment. Biomass C of rhizosphere
soil increased by at least 240% with respect to the control soil after mycorrhizal inoculation and the combination of compost
addition + mycorrhizal inoculation. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and composted organic residue addition increased R. lycioides seedling growth in the same proportion. In the short term, we conclude that the application of both reafforestation methods
not only enhances the establishment of R. lycioides seedlings, but also improves soil quality. 相似文献
210.
Open-cast lignite mining in the Lusatian mining district resulted in rehabilitated mine soils containing up to four organic matter types: (1) recent plant litter, (2) lignite deposited by mining activity, (3) carbonaceous ash particles deposited during amelioration of the lignite-containing parent substrate and (4) airborne carbonaceous particles deposited during contamination. The influence of lignite-derived carbon types on the organic matter development and their role in the soil carbon cycle was unknown. This paper presents the findings obtained during a six year project concerning the impact of lignite on soil organic matter composition and the biogeochemical functioning of the ecosystem. The organic matter development after rehabilitation was followed in a chronosequence of rehabilitated mine soils afforested in 1966, 1981 and 1987. A differentiation of the organic matter types and an evaluation of their role within the ecosystem was achieved by the use of 14C activity measurements, 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy and wet chemical analysis of plant litter compounds. The results showed that the amount and degree of decomposition of the recent organic matter derived from plant material of the 30 year old mine soil was similar to natural uncontaminated forest soil which suggests complete rehabilitation of the ecosystem. The decomposition and humification processes were not influenced by the presence of lignite. On the other hand it was shown that lignite, which was thought to be recalcitrant because of its chemical structure, was part of the carbon cycle in these soils. This demonstrates the need to elucidate further the stabilisation mechanisms of organic matter in soils. 相似文献