低pH、铝及钙铝比对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的生理生化影响

为探讨酸沉降对生物早期伤害的机理,研究不同ＰＨ条件下,铝及钙／铝比对斜生栅藻与磷和氮营养代谢有关酶活性的影响,结果表明,铝对酸性磷酶和硝酸还原酶活性有显著抑制作用,当ＰＨ为６．８和５．２,铝２为０．７ｍｇ／Ｌ时,酸性磷酸酶活性仅分别为对照组的４６％和５６％,而硝酸还原酶活性仅为对照组的３７％和３０％当培养基中适当量的钙离子,会一定程度保护藻细胞中这２个酶活性不受低ＰＨ及铝的伤害,钙的缓解作用取决于     

蚕豆SCE检测环境诱变剂的方法学研究

通过大量探索性试验,对蚕豆根尖细胞ＳＣＥ的Ｂｒｄｕ－Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ法的试验条件,如Ｂｒｄｕ浓度、Ｂｒｄｕ标记时间及其长短、稀酸水解浓度、时间和温度等对分色的影响进行了详尽的研究,获得了最佳的实验条件及程序、克服了ＳＣＥ研究沿用的ＦＰＧ法程序复杂,难以普及的缺点。此外,还用其他遗传毒理学民本方法进行了比较研究,探索利用该技术检测环境诱变因素的可能性。     

Economic and Environmental Benefits of Using Hardwood Sawmill Waste as a Raw Material for Particleboard Production

Annually, sawmills and other wood-processing factories generate a significant amount of scrap materials which are sent to landfills or incinerated. The amount of residue generated in Australia annually is estimated at 200,000 tonnes. A research project conducted at RMIT University explored utilizing these waste materials as particleboard furnish. The research team has now established a methodology for making particleboard in the laboratory using 100% hardwood sawmill residues, developing a particleboard product made in the laboratory which has acceptable mechanical properties and density profiles in accordance with the Australian Standards. However, this board product has some perceived issues which have been hindering ready commercial uptake. The current product requires a 10% higher resin load, has a 10% higher board density, and requires 10% longer pressing times compared to normal softwood particleboard. The paper presents an analysis of the current production process of particleboard to investigate the economic feasibility of particleboard production using hardwood sawmill residues. A major challenge in the analysis is converting the environmental benefit of utilizing large quantities of sawmill residue to a monetary term. Investigation of the global impact of particleboard by considering emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is also included. A comparison is presented between different methods of disposing wood residues to understand the environmental benefit of using hardwood residue in particleboard.     

缺氧折流板反应器的流态及污泥颗粒运动分析

采用缺氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理印染废水,当HRT为8 h时,ABR内的下向导流室雷诺数(Re)为1.1,上向漉反应室Re为0.1,均为层流.污泥颗粒经绕流运动分析.下向导流室污泥颗粒受到的绕流阻力和重力均向下,只有浮力向上,由于污泥颗粒密度大于流体的密度,此时重力大于浮力,污泥颗粒不能在下向导流室内稳定停留,即没有污泥层,与观察到的试验现象一致.在上向流反应室的污泥颗粒受到的绕绕阻力向上,重力与绕漉阻力、浮力处于动态平衡时的污泥颗粒的临界粒径(dcr)为85 μm.     

UASB处理离子交换树脂生产废水的试验研究

本研究主要介绍，尝试采用UASB（Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed）反应器厌氧工艺处理某离子交换树脂生产废水试验。研究表明，在中温（37℃±1）环境下，容积负荷在6．0-7．0kgCODcr·m^-3·d^-1时，CODcr去除率维持在80％左右，运行稳定。本试验取得的试验效果，为以后的利用厌氧技术处理离子交换树脂生产废水提供了重要依据。     

Machining efficiency of powder mixed near dry electrical discharge machining based on different material combinations of tool electrode and workpiece electrode

Powder mixed near dry electrical discharge machining (PMND-EDM) is a novel electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. It is proposed to further improve the machining efficiency of dry EDM. The principle of material removal in PMND-EDM is illustrated and its deionization principle is proposed. The influence of residual heat on MRR is analyzed. The concept of superfluous residual heat is proposed. The material removal rate (MRR), the main index of machining efficiency for PMND-EDM process, is researched. Single factor experiments are performed to get effect of peak current, pulse on time, pulse off time, flow rate, tool rotational speed, air pressure and powder concentration on MRR under different material combinations of tool electrode and workpiece electrode. Thermal phenomena in PMND-EDM are illustrated. Effect of each process parameter on MRR of PMND-EDM is gotten and analyzed based on the deionization principle of PMND-EDM. Differences in MRR under different material combinations are found out. Brass tool electrode and W18Cr4V workpiece gain higher MRR under most of discharge conditions, while the superiority of copper tool electrode and 45 carbon steel workpiece in MRR arise when there is improper heat dissipation. The difference is analyzed based on the deionization principle of PMND-EDM.     

Source analysis of particulate matter associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an industrial city in northeastern China

Particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations were investigated at eight sampling sites during cold periods where heating is used (heating period) (February to March, 2005) and warm periods where heating is not required (non-heating periods) (August to September 2006) in the urban area of Anshan, an iron and steel city in northeastern China. Eleven PAH species were measured using GC-MS. The total average concentrations of PAHs ranged from 46.14 to 385.60 ng m(-3) in the heating period and from 5.28 to 146.40 ng m(-3) in the non-heating period. The lowest concentration of ∑PAHs was observed at Qianshan, a monitoring site far from the city and industrial area, and the highest concentration occurred in the site located at the factory area of Anshan Iron and Steel Incorporation. Moreover, ambient PAH profiles were studied and high molecular weight PAH (including 4-6 rings) species occurred in the high fractions. Toxic equivalent factors analysis gave the potential carcinogenic risks in Anshan. For the heating sampling period, BaP equivalent concentration is in the range of 41.98 to 220.83 ng m(-3), and 9.23 to 126.00 ng m(-3) for the non-heating sampling period. By diagnostic ratio analysis, traffic emission and combustion (coal or biomass) were potential sources for PAHs in Anshan. Finally, PCA results indicated the major sources were vehicle emission, steel industry emission, and coal combustion for both heating and non-heating seasons, which agreed with the results from the diagnostic ratio analysis.     

低pH值,铝及钙铝比对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)谷胱甘肽含量影响研究

本文研究了低pH值条件下,铝及钙铝比对斜生栅藻生长及细胞中谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平的影响.结果表明,低pH值和铝对藻的生长具有抑制作用,而对细胞中GSH水平则有显著激发作用;当培养基中加入适量钙离子,一定程度降低藻细胞中GSH水平.这说明钙对低pH值及铝的毒害具有一定缓解作用,其缓解程度主要取决于钙与铝的相对量;并讨论了钙缓解作用的可能机理.     

光合细菌(PSB)处理明胶废水中填料挂膜性能研究

分别以纤维填料和毛刷填料为载体,采用优势菌种挂膜法,利用光合细菌处理明胶生产过程中产生的磷钙废水。两种填料表现出不同的挂膜效果,综合比较二者的挂膜时间、最终COD去除率和TP含量后得出毛刷填料挂膜性能优于纤维填料,其挂膜时间为23 d,最终COD去除率和TP含量分别达到93%,2.8 mg/L,在磷钙水处理中有适应性。通过对2种填料的电镜分析,发现纤维填料表面挂膜前后没有变化且十分光滑,而毛刷填料挂膜前表面粗糙,挂膜后表面有鳞片状突起,粗糙的表面状况有利于光合细菌的附着,最终促进生物膜功效的发挥。废水中Ca2+和pH是影响填料挂膜的主要因素。     

基于主体分级的社会救援资源分类及结构框架

社会救援资源是应急救援工作的重要资源支撑。从资源供给角度出发,给出社会救援资源的概念,并综合"社会"和"应急救援资源"范围的研究,界定社会救援资源的范围,继而阐述了社会救援资源的普遍特点和特殊特点;提出一种新的资源分类方法———基于主体分级的资源分类方法,并基于此方法,将社会救援资源提供的社会主体分为3类共10个主体,即第一类主体(大型国有企业、国家级慈善社团)、第二类主体(其他公有制企业、其他慈善社团、相关民办非企业单位、公民自组织形式)、第三类主体(其他所有制企业、一般社团、其他民办非企业单位、公民个人);在主体分级的基础上,从救援资源的角度将不同社会主体的供给力度分为强、中、弱三级,初步构造一个矩阵网状的社会救援资源结构框架。