强震前淮北台地倾斜短临异常的探讨

地倾斜观测是目前我国作为探索地震前兆的重要手段之一,实践证明地倾斜与地震存在着一定的对应关系.本文尝试利用淮北台FSQ型及JB型倾斜仪的观测结果,通过分析,获取与全球、全国强震有关的短临前兆信息以及总结其基本特征,得到了一些经验性认识.     

平片膜生物反应器中膜污染特性的实验研究

采用聚偏氟乙烯平片膜生物反应器 ,通过测定不同运行条件下的水通量研究其污染特性 ,重点考察了运行时间、操作压力、曝气状况对膜污染的影响。实际结果表明 ,在曝气量为 3m3 h、操作压力为 0 .0 2MPa条件下运行 6h后 ,膜水通量从2 4 0mL min·m2 降至 5 5mL min·m2 ,下降率超过 77%。     

高效液相色谱法检测临沂化工厂四周土壤中的多环芳烃研究

利用快速溶剂提取-高效液相色谱-紫外/荧光检测器串联的方式检测土壤中16种多环芳烃,重点优化了梯度洗脱程序和紫外荧光检测波长程序,优化后的方法检出限在0.2~7.8μg/kg,回收率在88%~113%之间.对临沂某化工企业四周1000米以内的20个土壤样品进行了检测,结果发现,多环芳烃总量范围为27.4~553μg/kg,平均值为120μg/kg,参照Maliszewska-Kordybach建议的欧洲土壤中多环芳烃污染程度分级方法,在检测的20个土壤样品中有3个样品属于轻度污染,其他属于无污染.     

江苏省城市人居环境定量评价分析

城市人居环境质量定量评价指标体系是描述、评价城市居住地域是否安全、舒适、和谐、方便的一套可感知的参数集合,是评价居住地域可居性、持续性的重要依据。本文通过城市人居环境指标体系的构建以及主成分和因子分析、聚类和判别分析的方法,来研究江苏省地区城市人居环境的质量,把江苏省在苏南、苏中、苏北的9个城市分为几个大类,并提出一些针对性的对策建议。     

Simulation and assessment of sludge concentration and rheology in the process of waste activated sludge treatment

The process of using flat-sheet membrane for simultaneous sludge thickening and digestion (MSTD) was employed. The variations of sludge concentration and rheology were characterized and simulated. Based on mass balance analysis, mathematical models were developed and successfully used to predict and evaluate the variations of sludge concentration and the digestion e ciency in the MSTD process. The apparent viscosity of sludge could be modeled as functions of mixed liquor suspended solids and shear rates. The sludge in the MSTD process showed both shear-thinning and viscoplastic behaviour, and under various shear rates di erent rheological models could be chosen to predict their flow behaviour. It was also found that sludge concentration and viscosity had significant correlations with membrane fouling in the MSTD process.     

Performance of microbiological control by a point-of-use filter system for drinking water purification

Purification capacity of a faucet mounted type water filter for home use was evaluated, particularly with regard to microbiological performance under di erent running conditions. Biofilms were formed inside the filter, a ecting the bacterial quality of the e uent water. Low flow rate, long stagnation period and high filter temperature were found favorable for bacterial growth inside. By commercial analytical profile index (API) kits, ten di erent bacterial species were identified in drinking water, four of which were probably contributed to the biofilm formation since they were also present in the biofilm. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the API identification results, and direct viable count (DVC) method was employed to improve the sensitivity of FISH for the isolated Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas putida as models. Relationship between the filter operating condition and the bacterial community alteration was partly revealed, which could provide the basic knowledge for the filter design and its practical use.     

Analysis of management effectiveness of natural reserves in Yunnan Province,China

Yunnan Province has many and unique natural resources and rich biodiversity. Natural reserves (NRs) play a significant role in maintaining and protecting the biodiversity and stability of ecosystems in this area. Yunnan is a typically eco-environmentally fragile area; thus positive effects of NRs are important in the construction of an ecological safety barrier for southwest China. Evaluation of the effectiveness of management of NRs has been implemented to improve management outcomes. This study provides indices to evaluate problems and management effectiveness for 60 NRs, covering national and provincial NRs of Yunnan Province. These indicate that management of NRs suffers from inadequate funding, poor infrastructure and equipment, low community participation, and a lack of government support. The indices had relatively low scores for infrastructure and equipment, ecotourism, monitoring, and evaluation, but high scores for planning and design and ownership. There were significant positive correlations between protection rank, size, age of NRs, and management effectiveness. International exchanges and collaboration would help to improve management of the NRs. NRs that straddle administrative boundaries had relatively higher scores than those within an administrative unit. Management success was not correlated with staff input, which might imply low efficiency of staff in this area. Some recommendations are offered to improve management of NRs based on analysis of management problems and identification of influencing factors.     

用活性炭粒子群电催化反应器处理氯苯和硝基苯生产废水

采用自制的活性炭粒子群电催化反应器对氯苯和硝基苯生产废水进行处理,考察了槽电流、停留时间对氯苯、硝基苯去除效果的影响。在槽电流20-25A、停留时间30min的条件下,氯苯生产废水中的氯苯质量浓度为3．3～109．9mg／L、苯质量浓度为13．1—395．7mg／L时,氯苯和苯的去除率分别在99％和97％以上,TOC和色度的去除率分别在71％和92％以上;硝基苯生产废水中硝基苯、二硝基苯酚、对硝基氯苯的质量浓度分别为4．5—292．3,83．3—348．0,69．5—93．9mg／L时,硝基苯和二硝基苯酚的去除率分别在96％和99％以上,TOC和色度去除率分别在90％和98％以上,对硝基氯苯在出水中未检出。     

装备资源性评价研究

从装备资源性以及装备资源性评价的相关概念出发,提出了装备资源性评价的基本原则。在此基础上,通过对装备全寿命周期各个阶段进行分析,选出对装备资源性影响较大的因素,进而提出装备资源性评价的主要内容以及相关评价指标,为后期装备资源性评价的实施提供理论支撑。     

浸没式膜-生物反应器膜面污染物性质研究

研究了浸没式平板膜-生物反应器冬季运行时的膜污染状况.结果表明,出水COD稳定,但出现了亚硝酸盐积累,总氮的去除不是很理想.凝胶过滤色谱测定结果发现,O段混合液经0.45 靘滤膜过滤的滤液和膜面污染物含有重均分子量千万级以上的大分子物质,而进水中并无此类物质.环境扫描电镜和能谱分析表明,膜面无机污染物的阳离子主要包括Na、Mg、Al、Si、K、Ca和Fe.傅立叶红外光谱分析证明,膜面有机污染物主要是多糖和蛋白质等物质,而且胞外聚合物可能是造成膜面污染的主要物质之一.