O_3/木屑强化SBR法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

木屑作为强化剂加入SBR反应器中,采用O3+SBR强化生化处理法组合工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行处理,结果表明:臭氧前处理垃圾渗滤液时,60 min内,空气流量为400 mL/min,臭氧浓度为10.4 mg/L时,垃圾渗滤液COD降低42%。加入木屑作为SBR强化剂,可在进水垃圾渗滤液COD为4 200 mg/L,有机负荷达到1.7 kg/(kg.d)时,COD的去除率稳定在80%,二级强化法串联使用,出水水质达到国家污水综合排放一级排放标准。     

混凝-微滤膜组合净水工艺中膜过滤特性及其影响因素

采用混凝-微滤膜组合工艺处理微污染原水,间歇抽吸的运行方式连续运行,考察了膜组件的抽吸时间,抽/停时间比和曝气量对膜过滤性能的影响.采用膜通透性J/p作为膜过滤性能的评价指标.结果表明,在各操作条件下,膜通透性J/p由于膜污染的发生均先快速降低,随后随时间缓慢下降.但J/p的初期下降速度和缓慢下降阶段的相对稳定值因操作条件的不同而不同.抽吸时间对膜通透性影响较大,其次为抽/停时间比.在一定的条件下,抽吸时间缩短1/2,产水率可提高2倍;抽/停时间比缩短,产水率可提高50%.当抽吸时间和抽/停时间比分别为15min和3.8时,J/p值较高.曝气量在一定范围内的增加有利于提高膜通透性.本试验中,曝气量由2m³/h增加至4m³/h时,膜通透性可提高约15%,但当曝气量增加到6m3/h时,膜通透性并无显著改善.膜面污染物分析表明,在本研究使用的原水条件下,Si和Ca是主要的无机污染元素.     

Easier removal of nonylphenol and naphthalene pollutants in wet weather revealed by Markov chains modeling

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The distribution and fate of organic pollutants determines pollution control strategies and definition of environmental standards. So far, few models predict...     

竖井排灌工程对环境影响的研究

新疆阿克苏地区乌什县依麻木竖井排灌工程是根据国务院批准的<塔里木河近期综合规划报告>、<阿克苏河流域灌区节水改造工程五年实施方案>中提出的在阿克苏河流域内新建的竖井排灌工程项目.项目的实施必将给乌什县秋格尔灌区的环境带来一定程度的影响.在系统地分析了项目区环境现状的基础上,从项目施工、水资源利用、地下水水位、灌区土壤盐渍化、社会环境等方面详细研究了工程实施后对灌区环境的影响.分析认为:竖井排灌工程不会对灌区的环境造成大的影响;不会影响灌区地下水资源的利用,相反还朝有利的方向发展;不会导致灌区地下水位的持续下降,更不会造成地下水资源的枯竭;工程的实施可以改善灌区内的土壤盐渍化问题.竖井排灌工程产生的灌溉效益达545.22×104元.最后为灌区的可持续发展提出了建议.      

Characterization and recovery of mercury from spent fluorescent lamps

Fluorescent lamps rely on mercury as the source of ultraviolet radiation for the production of visible light. Partitioning of mercury among vapor phase, loose phosphor powders produced during breaking and washing steps, glass matrices, phosphor powders attached on the glass and aluminum end caps was examined from simulated laboratory lamp recycling tests for different types of spent and new fluorescent lamps. Mercury concentrations in lamp glasses taken from commercial lamp recyclers were also analyzed for comparison with the simulated results of spent and new lamps of different types. The mercury content of the glass from spent lamps was highly variable depending on the lamp type and manufacturer; the median values of the mercury concentration in glasses for spent 26- (T8) and 38-mm (T12) diameter fluorescent lamps were approximately 30 and 45 microg/g, respectively. The average mercury concentration of samples taken from recycler A was 29.6 microg/g, which was about 64% of median value measured from the spent T12 lamps. Over 94% of total mercury in lamps remained either as a component of phosphor powders attached inside the lamp or in glass matrices. New T12 lamps had a higher partitioning percentage of elemental mercury in the vapor phase (0.17%) than spent T12 lamps (0.04%), while spent lamps had higher partitioning percentages of mercury resided on end-caps and phosphor powders detached from the breaking and washing steps. The TCLP values of simulated all lamp-glasses and samples obtained from recyclers were higher than the limit of LDR standard (0.025 mg/L). After investigating acid treatment and high temperature treatment as mercury reclamation techniques, it was found that heating provided the most effective mercury capture. Although the initial mercury concentrations of individual sample were different, the mercury concentrations after 1 h exposure at 100 degrees C were below 4 mug/g for all samples (i.e., <1% remaining). Therefore, it is recommended that heating be used for recovering mercury from spent fluorescent lamps.     

金属离子协同马尾藻对水中偶氮染料分子脱色的研究

本文研究了多种金属离子对海藻处理不同结构的偶氮染料分子的影响，结果表明，金属离子的种类及浓度对海藻处理偶所染料都有重要的作用，偶氮染料的分子量和结构也影响该体系的脱色效果。适当浓度的金属离子和海藻的体系比单独海藻处理偶氮染料的脱色速度快，脱色率高。同时探讨了该体系处理不同结构染料分子的脱色差异。     

Fenton反应-中和-厌氧生物法处理某高盐度工业废水

实验采用Fenton反应-中和-厌氧菌法处理某高盐度工业废水,考察了各因素对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,Fenton反应处理该工业废水的最佳条件是:n(H2O2):n(COD)=2:1,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=4:1,pH=3,反应时间采用120 min。Fenton处理后废水COD由24 230 mg/L下降到13 020 mg/L,去除率达到46.26%;所得反应液用Ca(OH)2中和沉淀后COD值降低到11 060 mg/L,去除率为15.05%;最后废水经稀释后进行厌氧菌降解处理,COD为1 625 mg/L的废水经厌氧菌6天处理后降为466 mg/L,去除率为71.32%,达到GB8978-1996中规定的COD三级排放标准。     

Influence of moderate pre-oxidation treatment on the physical, chemical and phosphate adsorption properties of iron-containing activated carbon

A novel adsorbent based on iron oxide dispersed over activated carbon(AC) were prepared, and used for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions. The influence of pre-oxidation treatment on the physical, chemical and phosphate adsorption properties of iron-containing AC were determined. Two series of ACs, non-oxidized and oxidized carbon modified by iron(denoted as AC-Fe and AC/OFe), resulted in a maximum impregnated iron of 4.03% and 7.56%, respectively. AC/O-Fe showed 34.0%–46.6% higher phosphate removal efficiency than the AC-Fe did. This was first attributed to the moderate pre-oxidation of raw AC by nitric acid, achieved by dosing Fe(II) after a pre-oxidation, to obtain higher iron loading, which is favorable for phosphate adsorption. Additionally, the in-situ formed active site on the surface of carbon, which was derived from the oxidation of Fe(II) by nitric acid dominated the remarkably high efficiency with respect to the removal of phosphate. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 10.53 and 18.88 kJ/mol for AC-Fe and AC/OFe, respectively. The results showed that the surface mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion were simultaneously occurring during the process and contribute to the adsorption mechanism.     

重防腐涂料在海洋工程钢结构中的研究进展

海洋重防腐涂料是金属腐蚀防护的重要手段,具有相对于常规防腐涂料更长的保护期。简述了海洋工程钢结构的腐蚀现状以及海洋重防腐涂料研究的必要性,总结了国内外在重防腐涂料领域的研究进展,介绍了溶剂型重防腐涂料的主要种类和目前的制备工艺,水性重防腐涂料的种类和发展趋势,以及新型纳米改性涂料的特点和应用情况。