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131.
U.C. Kulshrestha L.A.K. Reddy J. Satyanarayana Monika J. Kulshrestha 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(32):5123-5127
Real-time simultaneous studies on chemical characteristics of rainwater and PM10 aerosols were carried out to understand the scavenging of major chemical components in Indian region. The concentrations of Ca2+, NH4+, SO42− and NO3− were observed to be lower in the aerosol samples collected during rain as compared to before and after rain events. The most significant reduction was noticed for Ca2+ (74%) during rain which showed highest scavenging ratio (SR) and indicated that below-cloud scavenging is an effective removal process for Ca2+ in Indian region. Among non-sea salt components, Ca2+ had highest SR at Hyderabad indicating typical characteristics of crustal influence as abundance of calcium carbonate in soil dust has been reported in India. However, the levels of these major chemical components gradually got build-up in due course of time. After rain events, the levels of SO42− aerosols were noticed to be substantially higher (more than double) within 24 h. In general, scavenging ratios for all components (except Ca2+, NH4+ and K+) were higher over BOB as compared to Hyderabad. The maximum fall in aerosol levels (BR minus AR) was observed during continuous and low intensity rain events that did not allow building up of aerosol concentrations. 相似文献
132.
EDTA was percolated in laboratory columns through a soil polluted by heavy metals to investigate the efficiency of and processes involved in soil decontamination by chemical extraction. At high EDTA concentration (10−2 M), elution of Pb and Cd was very efficient for one pore volume, after which it decreased to almost zero due to depletion of available Pb and Cd and to competition with Ca and Fe slowly solubilized during the passage of the EDTA front. Clogging occurred after the end of the EDTA plateau. At lower EDTA concentrations (10−3 and 10−4 M), elution was less efficient, but extraction decreased little with the volume percolated; moreover no Ca above background values was dissolved. The optimum EDTA concentration for heavy metal extraction ranges between 10−2 and 10−3 M. The higher the concentration, the greater the extraction efficiency, but as the EDTA concentration is increased there is an optimum point at which clogging takes place and permeability decreases. 相似文献
133.
Yadav Monika Thakore Sonal Jadeja Rajendrasinh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(1):236-250
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Modern lifestyle and alleviated anthropogenic activities have increased the pollutant load, ultimately causing stress on the environment. In... 相似文献
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Poland is undergoing a major systemic shift from a centrally-planned toward a market economy. All dimensions of societal life are involved in the change. The paper discusses the current role of Polish managers against the background of what it used to be like under communism from a social constructivist perspective. The role is considered from the point of view of the actors; how they construct their role. 相似文献
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Slow growth in herbivores may lead to higher mortality, due to prolonged exposure to natural enemies. A number of studies has tested the 'slow-growth, high-mortality' hypothesis using predators or parasitoids as natural enemies of the herbivore, but the possible role of pathogens is poorly documented. We provide evidence that phytopathogenic infection of a plant enhances the susceptibility of herbivore larvae to a generalist entomopathogen. Larvae of the mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae grow more slowly when feeding on Chinese cabbage leaves infected by the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria brassicae than larvae feeding on healthy leaves. Treatment of such larvae feeding on diseased plants with an LD50 of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae resulted in 100% mortality, compared with a mortality rate of 54% in the control larvae feeding on uninfected leaves. This is the first demonstration of an interaction between a phyto- and an entomopathogenic fungus. 相似文献
139.
Zuzanna?M.?RosinEmail author Zbigniew?Kwieciński Andrzej?Lesicki Piotr?Skórka Jaros?aw?Kobak Anna?Szymańska Tomasz?S.?Osiejuk Tomasz?Ka?uski Monika?Jaskulska Piotr?Tryjanowski 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2018,105(5-6):35
Although shell colour polymorphism of the land snail Cepaea nemoralis is a well-known phenomenon, proximate and ultimate factors driving its evolution remain uncertain. Polymorphic species show variation in behavioural responses to selective forces. Therefore, we estimated effects of various environmental factors (temperature, humidity, food availability, (micro)habitat structure and predatory pressure) on behavioural response (frequency of locomotion, climbing and hiding) of C. nemoralis morphs, in experimental and natural conditions. In the experimental part of study, the frequency of locomotion was negatively affected by temperature and the presence of food and positively influenced by the presence of light. Morphs significantly differed in behavioural responses to environmental variability. Pink mid-banded and yellow five-banded morphs climbed less often and hide in shelter more often than yellow and pink unbanded individuals when temperature was low and food was absent. Snails fed most often at moderate temperature compared to low and high temperatures. Field investigations partially confirmed differences among morphs in frequency of climbing, but not in terms of probability of hiding in sheltered sites. In natural colonies, temperature and (micro)habitat structure significantly affected frequency of climbing as well as hiding in shelter. Snails more often hid in sheltered sites where thrushes preyed on Cepaea. Tendency of unbanded morphs to climb trees may have evolved under avian predatory pressure as thrushes forage on a ground. Tendency of banded morphs to hide in sheltered sites may reflect prey preferences for cryptic background. The results implicate that differential behaviour of C. nemoralis morphs compensate for their morphological and physiological limitations of adaptation to habitat. 相似文献
140.
Monika M. Derrien Patricia A. Stokowski 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2017,11(2):276-287
Motivated by a lack of scholarly attention to the substance of interpretive messages and materials, this study examines discursive aspects of interpretative brochures available at forest recreation and tourism sites in Vermont, United States. Directive statements that instruct and guide visitor experiences—and the discourses to which they contribute—were analyzed for content, form, and meaning. Across the interpretive brochures, four broad discourses were identified: the natural forest, the recreational forest, the productive forest, and the dependent forest. Consideration of intertextuality revealed a fifth, hybrid discourse that linked forests to meanings of Vermont as a distinctive place. The convergence of these discourses across the set of brochures gives insight into the ways interpretation serves to both direct individual visitor experiences at particular sites, and to influence the development of larger-scale place meanings. 相似文献