中国环境风险现状及发展趋势分析

基于国内2000-2009年以来环境污染事故统计资料,深入分析了中国现阶段环境风险类型、事故高发区域、事故损失、环境风险事故诱因等特征,并对其环境风险演变趋势进行了判断。新时期中国经济增长方式处于转变阶段,以布局型环境隐患和结构型环境风险为首要威胁,风险类型更加复杂化,事故影响范围进一步扩大,由于居民消费转型与科技发展带来的新型环境风险更是不可预知,环境风险压力进一步增大。     

黑龙江省放射源安全管理现状及对策研究

在研究放射源安全管理现状的基础上,对现有体制进行了充分的研究,结合实践中遇到的焦点和难点问题,以提高管理效率为目标,着眼于制度创新,针对使用单位、监督管理部门分别进行了制度构建,对黑龙江省移动放射源,低活度放射源的管理进行了管理实践探讨,为黑龙江省放射源管理实践提供了较好的理论和实践的探索。     

农垦北安局农业生态经济系统能值分析及可持续发展对策

文章运用能值理论分析方法,对黑龙江省农垦北安局2001年-2008年农业生态经济系统发展现状进行研究分析。研究结果表明,系统能值投入和产出呈逐年增长的趋势,能值自给率、人口承载力和净能值产出率呈下降趋势,能值投资率、人均能值使用量和能值密度呈增加态势,环境压力逐年增加。根据能值指标分析结果和经济发展现状,提出农业生态系统可持续发展对策。     

基于UML的放射源贮存库管理系统设计

随着放射性同位素在油井钻探、测试等领域中的广泛应用,放射源的种类及数量越来越大,使用频率越来越高,传统的管理方法已经不适应现代条件下的放射源管理需求。本文从放射源管理中的重要环节——贮存库管理系统入手,以UML为工具,对贮存库管理系统的需求模型和系统模型进行了设计,以提高放射源管理水平。     

浅析石化行业环境风险高发原因及对策建议

从"十一五"末至今,中国石化行业安全事故及环境风险事件频发,影响区域生态环境安全和人民群众健康。从产业布局来看,中国石化企业及与之相关的化工园区分布相对集中,主要布置在沿海沿江地区。中国石化行业目前存在的布局分散、单体规模小等突出问题,如不加控制,行业发展将面临更大的环境风险和环境污染问题。应开展全面梳理排查隐患,提高区域环境风险联防联控水平;大力支持集群化发展、淘汰落后产能,缓解结构性环境风险;统筹规划,优化布局,强化管理,广泛征求社会公众意见,以减缓石化行业的环境风险。     

浅析环保企业执行建造合同准则存在的问题及对策

随着国家对环境保护的重视,环保企业近年来迅速发展已成为一个新兴的朝阳产业,如何规范污水处理工程建设中建造合同的会计核算已成为每一个环保企业必须面对的问题。本文对环保企业在执行《企业会计准则第15号―建造合同》中存在的问题进行了细致的分析,并提出了一些解决对策,使环保企业执行建造合同准则能得以顺利实施。     

中国金矿开采区环境汞污染

汞是金矿区环境的特征污染物。金汞同源性导致金矿床一般汞含量偏高,且在以混汞法为代表的提金过程影响下,导致了中国金矿区严重的环境汞污染问题。本文介绍了中国金矿分布与开采及选冶概况,研究了导致金矿区环境汞污染的原因,分析了金矿石选冶过程中汞的释放,并综述了金矿开采所致矿区土壤、水体、大气、生物体中汞污染状况,最后讨论了金矿区汞污染环境管理与生态修复。     

用H-Kappa方法反演龙门山断裂带及其邻区的莫霍面深度及波速比分布

利用龙门山断裂带及其邻近地区地震台站的远震波形记录,采用时间域迭代反褶积技术求取接收函数,并用多次反射波能量扫描求极大值和波形叠加反演的方法(H-Kappa方法)计算出台站下方的莫霍面深度和波速比。结果显示:莫霍面位于扬子地台西缘部分向西侧倾斜缓降,深度在40～48 km变化,地壳平均波速比值为1.81;都江堰、汶川、耿达一带处在龙门山推覆体范围之内的莫霍面起伏变化不大,深度在45 km左右,地壳平均波速比值为1.707 5;龙门山断裂带西侧的松潘—甘孜地块的平均地壳波速比为1.76,莫霍面深度南面部分比北面深约10 km,呈南深北浅状。     

Detection Method for Avian Influenza Viruses in Water

Recent events have shown that humans may become infected with some pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (AIV). Since soil and water, including lakes, rivers, and seashores, may be contaminated by AIV excreted by birds, effective methods are needed for monitoring water for emerging viruses. Combining water filtration with molecular methods such as PCR is a fast and effective way for detecting viruses. The objective of this study was to apply a convenient method for the detection of AIV in natural water samples. Distilled water and lake, river, and seawater were artificially contaminated with AIV (H5N3) and passed through a filter system. AIV was detected from filter membrane by real-time RT-PCR. The performance of Zetapor, SMWP, and Sartobind D5F membranes in recovering influenza viruses was first evaluated using contaminated distilled water. SWMP, which gave the highest virus recoveries, was then compared with a pre-filter combined GF/F filter membrane in a trial using natural water samples. In this study, the cellulose membrane SMWP was found to be practical for recovery of AIVs in water. Viral yields varied between 62.1 and 65.9% in distilled water and between 1 and 16.7% in natural water samples. The borosilicate glass membrane GF/F combined with pre-filter was also feasible in filtering natural water samples with viral yields from 1.98 to 7.33%. The methods described can be used for monitoring fresh and seawater samples for the presence of AIV and to determine the source of AIV transmission in an outbreak situation.     

Prevalence of Norovirus Infection in Children and Adults with Acute Gastroenteritis,Tehran, Iran, 2008–2009

Noroviruses are one of important agents that cause acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. These viruses are belonging to Caliciviridae family and are genetically diverse. To date, there is no valuable data about prevalence of norovirus infection and the dominant genogroup/genotype among Iranian population. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of norovirus infection in Iranian patients with gastroenteritis referred to three hospitals of Tehran and to specify the dominant genogroup/genotype of this virus among our study population. A total of 293 patients with acute gastroenteritis were included in the study. Detection of norovirus was performed using RT-PCR method and confirmed by direct sequencing with specific designed primers for capsid region of norovirus genome. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining method. Norovirus strains identified in our study were subsequently categorized according to previously defined genogroup/genotypes. Of these, norovirus GII was dominant genogroup. Sixty-five percent (17 of 26) of positive samples were determined as GII and 35% (9 of 26) were determined as GI, respectively, in 2008–2009. And among 8 sequenced strains of genogroup II the most frequent genotype was GII.3. The results of this study indicated that norovirus must be considered as one of the infectious causes of acute gastroenteritis among Iranian population. We also found that GII.3 is more prevalent in our study population. To the best of our knowledge there is limited data about the role of noroviruses in children and adults’ acute gastroenteritis among Iranian patients and this prevalence and genotyping report of norovirus infection could be remarkable for further studies.