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81.
Konstantinos C. Makris Dibyendu Sarkar Jason Salazar Pravin Punamiya Rupali Datta 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(1):195-202
Background, aim, and scope
Alum (aluminum sulfate) is the currently preferred chemical amendment for phosphorus (P) treatment in poultry litter (PL). Aluminum-based drinking-water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) are the waste by-product of the drinking-water treatment process and have been effectively used to remove P from aqueous solutions, but their effectiveness in PL water extracts has not been studied in detail. Elevated cost associated with alum could be minimized by using the equally effective WTRs to remove soluble P from PL, and they can be obtained at a minimal cost from drinking-water treatment plants. 相似文献82.
Leila Mehrparvar Siyamak Safapour Mousa Sadeghi-Kiakhani Kamaladin Gharanjig 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(4):533-539
The classical use of synthetic dyes is causing issues of environmental pollution and heath risk. As a consequence natural dyes are gaining interest, but the use of natural dyes still includes toxic reagents such as metals as mordants and acids to enhance color and yield. Therefore, we designed a new chitosan-polypropylene imine dendrimer hybrid at 0–2000 mg/L to treat wool before dyeing with cochineal. We compared dye exhaustion, color depth, color characteristics, and color fastness of the new process with dyed pristine and metal mordanted wool. Results show that wool pretreatment improved dye exhaustion from 48 to 88 %, shifted saturation point toward lower dye concentration from 3000 to 1000 mg/L, and improved color depth from 13.68 for pristine wool and 15.17 for metal mordanted wool to 23.89 for the new process. 相似文献
83.
International environmental agreements (IEAs) can coordinate abatement of transboundary pollutants. This paper investigates
how heterogeneous countries facing a stock pollutant might structure such an agreement. In particular, we examine how an IEA
might be implemented with a set of monetary transfers. The focus is on transfers that are time invariant, linear in emissions,
and consistent with budget balance. There is a range of such schemes that would induce efficient emissions. We provide a simple
and intuitive characterization of these penalties and describe how specific proposals might be chosen in order to facilitate
compliance and implementation. Our proposals are illustrated with a simple example. We show that heterogeneity reduces the
scope for penalty schemes to jointly satisfy desirable properties. 相似文献
84.
Kazuharu Yoshizuka Syouhei Nishihama Hideki Sato 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(4):297-302
The objective of this study was to survey the cation and anion contents of geothermal waters to gather fundamental information
on geographical variations. Sixteen sites in hot spring areas on the island of Kyushu in Japan were studied. The study focused
on the arsenic content of the samples. Very high arsenic concentrations (more than 0.1 mg/l) were detected in most of the
geothermal waters sampled. High contents of boron and fluoride (more than 1.0 mg/l) were also detected in some samples. Arsenic
removal was performed on a laboratory scale using columns packed with a magnetite-type adsorbent. The reduction of arsenic
contamination to a concentration of less than 0.01 mg/l could be achieved in the early stages of adsorption (bed volume = 200). 相似文献
85.
Hiroshi Asakura Kazuto Endo Masato Yamada Yuzo Inoue Yusaku Ono Yoshiro Ono 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(11):2185-2193
It is known that aeration reduces rapidly the concentration of organic matter in leachate. However, the oxygen flow rate required to attain a certain reaction rate of organic matter should be carefully estimated. In this study, using the oxygen ratio (the ratio of oxygen flow rate by aeration to oxygen consumption rate of waste layer) as a parameter, the reaction rate of organic matter in leachate from landfilled incineration ash and incombustible waste upon aeration was evaluated. Total organic carbon (TOC) in the leachate was reduced rapidly when the oxygen ratio was high. The decomposition rate exceeded the elution rate of TOC in the leachate from the waste layer for several days when the oxygen ratio was above 102. The results indicate that the oxygen ratio can be used as a parameter for the aeration operation in actual landfill sites, to rapidly stabilize organic matter in leachate. 相似文献
86.
87.
Kazunori Yamada Tetsuya Tamura Yuya Azaki Ayumi Kashiwada Yoji Hata Katsuya Higashida Yukihiro Nakamura 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(2):95-102
In this study, melB tyrosinase was applied for enzymatic removal of linear and branched p-alkylphenols from aqueous solutions. First, systematic studies were carried out to estimate the effects of the process parameters such as the temperature, pH value, and enzyme dose on quinone conversion of p-cresol as a model phenol compound. A variety of p-alkylphenols were removed from aqueous solutions through the tyrosinase-catalyzed quinone conversion and subsequent nonenzymatic adsorption of quinone derivatives on chitosan beads at pH 6.0 and 30 °C under the optimum conditions determined for p-cresol. The % removal values of 98–100 were obtained for p-n-alkylphenols. Branched p-alkylphenols with a weak estrogenic activity containing 4-tert-butylphenol and 4-tert-pentylphenol, which underwent no quinone conversion by commercially available mushroom tyrosinase in the absence of H2O2, were also effectively removed by further increasing either the melB tyrosinase concentration or the amount of added chitosan beads. The present technique is much effective in the fact that a series of reactions rapidly progress under mild conditions and the chitosan beads can be readily separated from the reaction medium after the enzymatic treatment. 相似文献
88.
The Role of Disaggregation of Asset Values in Flood Loss Estimation: A Comparison of Different Modeling Approaches at the Mulde River,Germany 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Anja Wünsch Ulrich Herrmann Heidi Kreibich Annegret H. Thieken 《Environmental management》2009,44(3):524-541
In loss estimation there is a spatial mismatch of hazard data that are commonly modeled on an explicit raster level and exposure
data that are often available only for aggregated administrative units. Usually disaggregation methods that use ancillary
information to distribute lumped exposure data in a finer spatial resolution help to bridge this gap. However, the actual
influence of different mapping techniques and ancillary data on the final loss estimation has not been analyzed yet. In this
paper three methods are applied to disaggregate residential building assets using two kinds of land use/land cover (LULC)
data. The resulting disaggregated assets are validated and compared using census data of the residential building number on
the community and constituency level. In addition, the disaggregated assets are taken to estimate residential building losses
due to the flood in August 2002 in 21 municipalities on the River Mulde in Saxony, Germany. Losses are calculated with the
help of four loss models. In general, disaggregation helps to decrease the error variance within the loss estimation. It must,
however, be stated that the application of sophisticated disaggregation methods does not lead to significant improvements
compared to the straightforward binary method. Therefore more effort should instead be put into the provision of high-resolution
LULC data. Finally, the remaining uncertainties in loss estimation are high and demand further improvements in all modeling
aspects. 相似文献
89.
90.
Adaptive maritime spatial planning (MSP) uses monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of spatial and temporal management
measures to promote understanding and improve planning and decision-making. An adaptive approach to MSP involves exploring
alternative ways to meet management objectives, predicting the outcomes of alternative management measures, implementing one
or more of these alternative management measures, monitoring to learn about the effects of management measures, and then using
the results to update knowledge and adjust management actions. A monitoring and evaluation plan should be designed to be both
cost effective and comprehensive. The process of setting and assessing performance metrics requires that the ecological and
socio-economic objectives of the spatial management plan must be clearly stated up front for management actions to reflect
those objectives accurately. To evaluate the effectiveness of a MSP plan, a range of ecological, socio-economic and institutional
indicators need to be developed and monitored. 相似文献