一起特殊的烟管腐蚀泄漏事故原因分析

2台燃煤锅炉,1台只在冬季使用,其余则用4 t锅炉产生的蒸汽倒灌进行保养.2 t锅炉在更换烟管近3年后再次发生烟管泄漏事故.经调查分析发现,是由于2台锅炉同用一烟道,由于烟气互通,烟气倒灌进保养锅炉烟管,造成烟管低温腐蚀,引起泄漏.     

Bioanalytical and instrumental analysis of estrogenic activities in drinking water sources from Yangtze River Delta

The estrogenic activities of source water from Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake and groundwater in Yangtze River Delta in the dry and wet season were determined by use of reporter gene assays based on African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cell lines. Higher estrogenic activities were observed in the dry season, and the estrogenic potentials in water samples from Taihu Lake were greater than other river basins. None of the samples from groundwater showed estrogen receptor (ER) agonist activity. The 17β-Estradiol (E2) equivalents (EEQs) of water samples in the dry season ranged from 9.41 × 10^?1 to 1.20 × 10¹ ng E2 L^?1. In the wet season, EEQs of all the water samples were below the detection limit as 9.00 × 10^?1 ng E2 L^?1 except for one sample from Huaihe River. The highest contribution of E2 was detected in Yangtze River as 99% of estrogenic activity. Nonylphenol (NP, 100% detection rate) and octylphenol (OP, 100% detection rate) might also be responsible for the estrogenic activities in water sources. Potential health risk induced by the estrogenic chemicals in source water may be posed to the residents through water drinking.     

氯菊酯的酶促降解

从降解氯菊酯的分离株ＹＦ１１提取降解酶并测定了对氯菊酯的降解特性，降解酶在３２．５℃，ｐＨ９．０时对氯菊酯显示最大的降解活性，其每毫克蛋白质最大降解速率为２０．８ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ，米氏常数为５．２ｎｍｏｌ／ｍＬ。     

城乡建设用地变化的脱钩研究

随着工业化、城镇化的迅速向前推进,我国人口逐渐向城镇集中,城镇建设用地规模日益膨胀,而农村建设用地变化违背理论预期;因此,我国城乡建设用地变化的现实与理论预期存在矛盾和偏差.本文将"脱钩"的基本理论和方法引入土地管理领域,提出我豳城乡建设用地变化的"脱钩"形态.在计算其临界值及构建"脱钩"分析模型的基础上定量界定出"脱钩"程度的八种状态,筛选出考核指标后,对临港新城城乡建设用地的变化关系进行了实证分析.研究得出三点结论:其一,2000年以前无锡城乡建设用地的变化出现"扩张负脱钩"、"扩张连接"和"弱脱钩"的非理想状态.近年呈现"强脱钩"的理想状态;其二,土地宏观政策是调控城乡建设用地规模的有效手段:其三,开展土地整理是优化城乡建设用地结构的有效举措.     

丁二烯过氧化物的生成、危害及安全性研究

综述了国内外丁二烯过氧化物研究进展，主要包括丁二烯过氧化物的危害性、成因、危险评价和热稳定性，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

珠江上游少数民族县域经济活动的累积环境效应研究--以贵州三都水族自治县为例

为了探索珠江上游少数民族区域经济活动的累积环境效应与生态安全，我们选择三都水族自治县作为定位研究基地．对建国以来区域内经济活动变迁进行历史、现状研究和综合评估，揭示历史时期发展政策、发展模式、重大经济活动等人为扰动因素在区域生态环境系统退化过程中的作用．评估少数民族经济活动的累积环境效应与生态安全。     

Operating condition influences on PCDD/Fs emissions from sinter pot tests with hot flue gas recycling

This study was designed to clarify the influence of operating conditions on the formation and emissions of polychlorinated-pdibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from a sintering process with hot flue gas recycling. A pilot scale sinter pot with simulated flue gas recycling was developed, and four key operational parameters, including temperature, oxygen content of the simulated waste flue gas, the coke rate of the sintering mixture, and the quicklime quality, were selected for exploring PCDD/Fs formation. The results showed that the temperature of the recycled flue gas had a major affect on PCDD/Fs formation, and a high temperature could significantly increase their formation during sintering. A clear linear correlation between the temperature of recycling flue gas and PCDD/Fs emission (r = 0.93) was found. PCDD/Fs could be reduced to a certain extent by decreasing the level of oxygen in the recycled flue gas, while sintering quality was unchanged. The coke rate had no significant influence on the formation of PCDD/Fs, but the quality of quicklime used in the sintering mixture could affect not only the amount of PCDD/Fs emissions but also the sintering productivity. Compared with a benchmark sinter pot test, PCDD/Fs emissions markedly decreased with improvements to quicklime quality. However, the reduction in PCDD/Fs emissions realized by using high-quality quicklime was limited by the temperature of the inlet gas. The highest reduction achieved was 51% compared with conventional quicklime when the temperature of the inlet gas was 150°C.     

全国大气扩散输送模态与区划研究

基于NCEP再分析气象资料,使用HYSPLIT模式对我国大陆区域进行了一整年的连续轨迹计算.轨迹以1°×1°的网格化经纬度分辨率进行计算.考虑气候、地理及经济因素,将全国计算区域分为10个大区,分别统计各大区出发的轨迹在全国的分布频率.根据全年和各季的轨迹统计结果,分析我国不同区域的大气输送扩散特征以及区域间大气环境的相互影响潜势.结果表明,全国10个大区的大气扩散输送模态可分为特性不同的7大类,其中以西北方向的3个大区为一类,西南高原的2个大区为另一类,其它各区自成一类.10个大区大气扩散物质的累积效应差异显著且季节变化特征各异.全国以西南区(XN)东部大气累积效应最强,东北区(DB)累积效应最弱.     

地质封存中CO_2盐水溶液的表观摩尔体积模型

在现有CO2盐水溶液密度模型的基础上,根据CO2地下盐水溶液密度实验数据,考虑了温度、压力和CO2质量分数三个参数的影响,建立了CO2盐水溶液的表观摩尔体积模型。模型结果表明该模型能在30~50℃、10~20 MPa温压范围内准确预测CO2在盐水溶液中的表观摩尔体积,将预测结果与实验数据进行对比发现最大相对误差为0.25%,平均相对误差为0.1%,模型预测精度明显高于现有的CO2盐水溶液表观摩尔体积模型,为CO2地下盐水层封存提供了必要的基础。     

吐纳麝香长期暴露下蚯蚓体内金属硫蛋白和谷胱甘肽变化

吐纳麝香(AHTN)作为人工合成麝香中多环麝香的典型代表,具有挥发性、易生物富集等特性,由于其在环境中的浓度日益升高,呈现出一定的生物效应,可能对生态系统的稳态存在着潜在的威胁,为探讨上述课题,试验通过采用自然土壤法以赤子爱胜蚓(Eiseniafetida)作为试验动物,首次研究测定蚯蚓在AHTN的长期暴露条件下,其体内金属硫蛋白和谷胱甘肽含量的变化。试验结果得出低浓度的AHTN能够抑制机体内金属硫蛋白和谷胱甘肽的生成,使得金属硫蛋白和谷胱甘肽的含量显著减少,在一定浓度范围内的AHTN对机体无明显不利影响,而高浓度的AHTN能够诱导机体内金属硫蛋白和谷胱甘肽的生成,使得金属硫蛋白和谷胱甘肽的含量显著增多(P<0.05),从而对土壤环境存在着潜在的生态风险。