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551.
Yong-Jin Park Hiroshi Tsuno Taira Hidaka Ji-Hoon Cheon 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):46-52
In this study, the effect of operational parameters, such as solids retention time (SRT), pH, and substrate total solids (TS)
concentration, on acid fermentation efficiency was investigated. From batch tests, it was shown that the appropriate pH range
for thermophilic acidogens was around 6–7 and that the optimum pH condition was 6. From the continuous experiment, pH and
SRT were shown to be the most important operational parameters for solubilization and organic acid production. In contrast,
TS concentration did not show any obvious effect on chromium chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) solubilization when TS was in
the range 3.5%–10%. The optimum operational conditions for thermophilic acid fermentation were an SRT of 2 days and a pH of
6.
This research was carried as a part of the CREST project of Japan Science and Technology Agency. 相似文献
552.
Eun-Jin Yoo Jung-A Lee Jae-Seon Park Khanghyun Lee Won-Seok Lee Jin-Seok Han Jong-Woo Choi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(2):781-789
This study focused on Pb isotope ratios of sediments in areas around an abandoned mine to determine if the ratios can be used as a source tracer. For pretreatment, sediment samples were dissolved with mixed acids, and a multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS, Nu plasma II) was used to investigate the Pb isotopic composition of the samples. The measured isotope ratios were then corrected for instrumental mass fractionation by measuring the 203Tl/205Tl ratio. Repeated measurements with the NIST SRM 981 reference material showed that the precision of all ratios was below 104 ppm (±2σ) for 50 ng/g. The isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb) found were 0.85073?±?0.0004~0.85373?±?0.0003 for the main stream, while they were 0.83736?±?0.0010 for the tributary and 0.84393?±?0.0002 for the confluence. A binary mixing equation for isotope ratios showed that the contributions of mine lead to neighboring areas were up to 60 %. Therefore, Pb isotope ratios can be a good source tracer for areas around abandoned mines. 相似文献
553.
Md. Humayun Kabir A. M. Abd El-Aty Md. Musfiqur Rahman Hyung Suk Chung Han Sol Lee Sun-Hyang Park Fazil Hacımüftüoğlu Byung-Joon Chang Ho-Chul Shin Jae-Han Shim 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(6):302
Amisulbrom formulated as suspension concentrate was applied at the rate recommended for Korean melon to determine the dissipation pattern (at two different sites), the pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL), and risk assessments. Samples collected over 10 days were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and cleaned up with solid-phase extraction (SPE) Florisil cartridge. Residual concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (LC-UVD) and confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The standard showed good instrument response linearity with a correlation coefficient (R 2) = 0.9999, and the recovery ranged from 87.5 to 93.7%. The dissipation half-life calculated from two different sites were found to be 7.0 and 8.8 days for sites 1 and 2, respectively. A PHRL graph constructed from the data indicated that if the residue levels were less than 0.55–0.59 mg/kg 3 days before harvest or less than 0.61–0.74 mg/kg 7 days before harvest, then they would be lower than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) at harvest. Risk assessments showed that the risk quotient (RQ) was 4.39–3.47% at 0 day, declined to 1.53–1.63% at 10 days. Therefore, the current data indicate that the amisulbrom can be applied safely to Korean melon; hence, it is unlikely to induce adverse health effects in consumers. 相似文献
554.
The greenhouse gases (GHGs) generated in municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). In South Korea case, the total of GHGs from the waste incineration facilities has been increasing at an annual rate 10%. In these view, waste incineration facilities should consider to reduce GHG emissions.This study is designed to estimate the N2O emission factors from MSW incineration plants, and calculate the N2O emissions based on these factors. The three MSW incinerators examined in this study were either stoker or both stoker and rotary kiln facilities. The N2O concentrations from the MSW incinerators were measured using gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) equipment.The average of the N2O emission factors for the M01 plant, M02 plant, and M03 plant are 71, 75, and 153 g-N2O/ton-waste, respectively. These results showed a significant difference from the default values of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC), while approaching those values derived in Japan and Germany. Furthermore, comparing the results of this study to the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI) (2007) data on waste incineration, N2O emissions from MSW incineration comprised 19% of the total N2O emissions. 相似文献
555.
Behera SK Kim DH Shin HS Cho SK Yoon SP Park HS 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(9-10):2126-2132
The current food waste leachate (FWL) disposal practice in Korea warrants urgent attention and necessary action to develop an innovative and sustainable disposal strategy, which is both environmentally friendly and economically beneficial. In this study, methane production by FWL injection into a municipal solid waste landfill with landfill gas (LFG) recovery facility was evaluated for a period of more than 4 months. With the target of recovering LFG with methane content ~50%, optimum LFG extraction rate was decided by a trial and error approach during the field investigation in five different phases. The results showed that, upon FWL injection, LFG extraction rate of ~20 m(3)/h was reasonable to recover LFG with methane content ~58%. Considering the estimated methane production potential of 31.7 m(3) CH(4) per ton of FWL, methane recovery from the landfill was enhanced by 14%. The scientific findings of this short-term investigation indicates that FWL can be injected into the existing sanitary landfills to tackle the present issue and such landfills with efficient liner and gas collection facility can be utilized as absolute and sustainable environmental infrastructures. 相似文献
556.
Oh T Kim M Lim J Kang O Shetty KV SankaraRao B Yoo C Park JH Kim JT 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(5):517-526
Subway systems are considered as main public transportation facility in developed countries. Time spent by people in indoors, such as underground spaces, subway stations, and indoor buildings, has gradually increased in the recent past. Especially, operators or old persons who stay in indoor environments more than 15 hr per day usually influenced a greater extent by indoor air pollutants. Hence, regulations on indoor air pollutants are needed to ensure good health of people. Therefore, in this study, a new cumulative calculation method for the estimation of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted inside the subway station is proposed by taking cumulative amounts of indoor air pollutants based on integration concept. Minimum concentration of individual air pollutants which naturally exist in indoor space is referred as base concentration of air pollutants and can be found from the data collected. After subtracting the value of base concentration from data point of each data set of indoor air pollutant, the primary quantity of emitted air pollutant is calculated. After integration is carried out with these values, adding the base concentration to the integration quantity gives the total amount of indoor air pollutant emitted. Moreover the values of new index for cumulative indoor air quality obtained for 1 day are calculated using the values of cumulative air quality index (CAI). Cumulative comprehensive indoor air quality index (CCIAI) is also proposed to compare the values of cumulative concentrations of indoor air pollutants. From the results, it is clear that the cumulative assessment approach of indoor air quality (IAQ) is useful for monitoring the values of total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, in case of exposure to indoor air pollutants for a long time. Also, the values of CCIAI are influenced more by the values of concentration of NO2, which is released due to the use of air conditioners and combustion of the fuel. The results obtained in this study confirm that the proposed method can be applied to monitor total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, inside apartments and hospitals as well. Implications: Nowadays, subway systems are considered as main public transportation facility in developed countries. Time spent by people in indoors, such as underground spaces, subway stations, and indoor buildings, has gradually increased in the recent past. Especially, operators or old persons who stay in the indoor environments more than 15 hr per day usually influenced a greater extent by indoor air pollutants. Hence, regulations on indoor air pollutants are needed to ensure good health of people. Therefore, this paper presents a new methodology for monitoring and assessing total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted inside underground spaces and subway stations. A new methodology for the calculation of cumulative amounts of indoor air pollutants based on integration concept is proposed. The results suggest that the cumulative assessment approach of IAQ is useful for monitoring the values of total amounts of indoor air pollutants, if indoor air pollutants accumulated for a long time, especially NO2 pollutants. The results obtained here confirm that the proposed method can be applied to monitor total amounts of indoor air pollutants emitted, inside apartments and hospitals as well. 相似文献
557.
Matthew P. Reed Sheila M. Ebert Monica L. H. Jones B.-K. Daniel Park Jason J. Hallman Rini Sherony 《Traffic injury prevention》2018,19(8):S70-S77
AbstractObjective: A test track study was conducted to quantify patterns of adult front seat passenger head motion during abrupt vehicle maneuvers.Method: Eighty-seven men and women with a wide range of body sizes and ages participated in data collection on a closed test track in a passenger sedan under manual control by a test driver. Because a primary goal of the study was to gather “unaware” data, the participants were instructed that the study was concerned with vehicle dynamics and they were required to read from a questionnaire taped to the top of their thighs as the drive began. The first event was a hard brake (approximately 1 g) to a stop from 35?mph (56 kph). Within the space of approximately 5?min the participants also experienced an aggressive lane change, a sharp right turn with simultaneous hard braking, and a second hard braking event. A Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor was positioned to view the area around the front passenger seat. Head location was tracked using the Kinect data with a novel methodology that fit 3D head scan data to the depth data acquired in the vehicle.Result: The mean (standard deviation) forward excursion of the estimated head center of gravity (CG) location in the first braking event was 135 (62) mm. The forward head CG excursion in the second braking event of 115 (51) mm was significantly less than that in the first, but the difference was small relative to the within-condition variance. Head excursion on the second braking trial was less than that on the first trial for 69% of participants. The mean maximum inboard head excursion in lane-change maneuvers was 118 (40) mm. Forward head excursions in braking were significantly smaller for older passengers and those with higher body mass index, but the combined factors accounted for less than 25% of the variance. Inboard head excursion in the lane-change event was significantly related to stature, but only about 7% of variance was related to body size. Head excursions for men and women did not differ significantly after accounting for body size.Discussion: This is the first quantitative occupant dynamics study to use a large, diverse sample of passengers, enabling the exploration of the effects of covariates such as age and body size.Conclusions: The data demonstrate that a relatively large range of head positions can be expected to result from abrupt vehicle maneuvers. The data do not support simple scaling of excursions based on body size. 相似文献
558.
Jihwan Park Insang Jung Kibae Lee Mansoo Kim Jongsoo Hwang Wonhee Choi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):1950-1960
Statistics showed that approximately 1,195,000 refrigerator units (116,094 metric tons) were recycled annually in Korea’s formal sector. Although the recycling level for these was satisfactory, collecting and processing polyurethane at recycling centers (RCs) posed several problems, including the risk of fire from the incinerator, the generation of fugitive dust, and the high cost of disposal. The objective of our study is to provide an overview of refrigerator recycling and to introduce polyurethane solid refuse fuel (SRF) manufacturing facilities. These facilities, installed at four regional RCs in Korea, have a capacity of 800 kg/h, a motor of 476 kWh, and cost $664,300 (USD) to construct (criteria two facilities). According to our examination of the physico-chemical properties of SRF product, all results in categories have been satisfied with the quality standards. In terms of finances, RCs can reduce the total disposal cost from $160–175 to $60 by installing facilities, which results in savings of (on average) $180,546 annually. The Metropolitan Electronics Recycling Center, for example, has reduced its costs by $180,880 each year. Their return on investment was calculated to be about 3 years and 8 months (assuming no operating expenses) or 7 years and 4 months (including operating expenses). 相似文献
559.
Environmentally sustainable applications of agro-based spent mushroom substrate (SMS): an overview 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fatimah Hafifah Mohd Hanafi Shahabaldin Rezania Shazwin Mat Taib Mohd Fadhil Md Din Masahito Yamauchi Mariko Sakamoto Hirofumi Hara Junboum Park Shirin Shafiei Ebrahimi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(3):1383-1396
Agricultural wastes such as lignocellulosic residues are renewable resources can be used for mushroom cultivation. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is defined as leftover of biomass generated by commercial mushroom industries after harvesting period of mushroom. Mushroom cultivation using agricultural wastes promises a good quality of SMS for producing beneficial products such as animal feeding and fertilizers. Based on the published papers, the major applications of SMS are animal feedstock, fertilizer, energy production and wastewater treatment. For instance, some species of mushroom such as Pleurotus spp. and Agaricus bisporus are suitable for applications of ruminant feedstock and fertilizers. This paper reviews the recent studies about the beneficial usage of SMS which is considered as a waste since 2013. 相似文献
560.
Srinivasa Reddy Mallampati Chi-Hyeon Lee Min Hee Park Byeong-Kyu Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(1):91-99
The feasibility of the selective surface hydrophilization of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) using microwave treatment to facilitate the separation of PVC via froth flotation from automobile shredder residue (ASR) and electronic waste shredder residue (ESR) was evaluated. In the presence of powder-activated carbon (PAC), 60-s microwave treatment selectively enhanced the hydrophilicity of the PVC surface (i.e., the PVC contact angle decreased from 86.8° to 69.9°). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results are consistent with increased hydrophilic functional groups (i.e., ether, hydroxyl, and carboxyl), amounting to significant changes in the morphology and roughness of the PVC surface after treatment. After only 60 s of microwave treatment, 20 % of the PVC was separated in virgin and ASR/ESR plastics with 33 and 29 % purity, respectively, as settled fractions by froth flotation at a 150 rpm mixing speed. The microwave treatment with the addition of PAC had a synergetic effect with the froth flotation, which brought about 100 and 90 % selective separation of PVC from the other virgin and ASR/ESR plastics, with 91 and 82 % purity. The use of the combined froth flotation and microwave treatments is an effective technology for separating PVC from hazardous waste plastics. 相似文献