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111.
Urban waste recycling behavior: antecedents of participation in a selective collection program 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT/
The aim of this study is to analyze the antecedents of urban waste recycling behavior. To achieve this goal, a concrete urban
waste management program was chosen. The study focuses on the Selective Collection Program (SCP) in Zaragoza, a medium-sized
city in northeastern Spain. The research starts with a conceptual model in which the variables that potentially affect recycling
behavior can be classified into two groups: incentives and barriers. Moreover, the sociodemographic characteristics of the
individuals are included in our study. Given that the proposed model requires specification of latent variables or constructs,
the analysis is based on the Structural Equation Models (SEM) methodology. The results revealed that environmental awareness,
knowledge of the environmental impact of urban waste, and the positive perception of management by local government exercise
a positive effect on individual recycling behavior, while perceived personal difficulties (space and time availability) and
distance to and from the container have a negative effect. As regards sociodemographic variables, this study found that annual
family income sustains a negative relationship with recycling behavior, while age maintains a positive one. The results obtained
clearly show the important role that the public authorities play, especially municipal governments, in achieving the waste
recycling objectives established in accordance with international legislation. 相似文献
112.
Pilar D. S. C. Mariani Antonio P. Vinagre Neto José P. da Silva Jr. Elke J. B. N. Cardoso Elisa Esposito Lucia H. Innocentini-Mei 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(1):19-24
The biodegradability properties of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) and modified adipate-starch (AS) blends, using Edenol-3203 (E)
as a starch plasticizer, were investigated in laboratory by burial tests of the samples in previously analyzed agricultural
soil. The biodegradation process was carried out using the respirometric test according to ASTM D 5988-96, and the mineralization
was followed by both variables such as carbon dioxide evolution and mass loss. The results indicated that the presence of
AS-E accelerated the biodegradation rate as expected. 相似文献
113.
Rosario Vidal Pilar Martínez Elena Mulet Rosa González Belinda López-Mesa Paul Fowler J. M. Fang 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2007,15(3):159-168
Multilayer films exhibit excellent properties for food packaging. However, existing products are not biodegradable. Conventional
plastics, manufactured from fossil fuels, not only consume non-renewable and finite resources, but also impact heavily on
waste disposal. For this reason, a new multilayer film has been developed in the Multibio Project for the production of food
packaging. In this paper, the environmental impacts of the new biodegradable multilayer film—based on modified starch and
polylactic acid (PLA)—and those of the conventional multilayer film—based on PP and PA6—are quantified in the categories of
climate change, fossil fuel depletion, acidification and eutrophication. Conventional multilayer film has a 90% higher impact
than the Multibio multilayer film. The main difference between the LCA presented and the cited literature is the inventory
data obtained in the phase of polymer processing to obtain multilayer film, and the assessment of the disposal phase of the
multilayer film wastes. 相似文献
114.
People choose to participate in recycling for a variety of reasons. This study analyzes the relationship between the frequency of selective separation and general refuse disposal, and the influence on the recycling habit of the walking distance to drop off the materials. The methodology employed was one of personal interviews in the street, the study population being a region in the north of Spain (Principality of Asturias). More than one thousand people participated in this survey carried out in 2002. Five hypotheses related to three variables (the frequency for depositing recycling materials and general refuse, the distance to recycling and general bins, and the recycling habit) were tested using different statistical tests. Results show that the people who frequently go to the bins to dispose of general refuse are more likely to recycle some product at home, and in most cases, as the distance to the recycling bins decreases, the number of fractions that citizens separate and collect at home increases. Most of the results obtained have been compared with other previous in literature. 相似文献
115.
Summary. Molecular studies suggest that the Iberian wall lizard, Podarcis hispanica, forms a species complex with several monophyletic types. In Central Spain two of these types are spatially not isolated
and may interact. Sex pheromones are important for species recognition and, thus, differences between lizards’ types in chemicals
used in intraspecific communication could lead to reproductive isolation. Analyses by GC-MS showed that the femoral gland
secretions of adult males of different types were different. Males of one type had twelve exclusive compounds, and proportions
of some shared compounds differed. This presumably would reflect selection for the persistency and efficiency of chemical
signals in different environments; less volatile compounds and with a higher chemical stability being favoured in the type
of lizards inhabiting more humid climatic conditions. Differential tongue-flick rates to scents from femoral secretions indicated
that males were able to detect and discriminate between males of different types based on chemical cues alone. In contrast,
females detected but did not seem able to discriminate between scents of the two types of males. Thus, multiple factors might
be simultaneously acting either against or in favor of speciation, leading, on the one hand, to genetic differences between
types, but, on the other hand, probably precluding an effective reproductive isolation in areas where both types of lizards
may interact. 相似文献
116.
Viñas P López-García I Merino-Meroño B Campillo N Hernández-Cordóba M 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2004,6(4):262-266
Liquid chromatography with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry as the detection system was applied to the separation and determination of inorganic tin, tributyltin, dibutyltin, monobutyltin, diphenyltin and monophenyltin. A reversed phase C18 column and a methanol/water/acetic acid (70:27:3, v/v/v) mixture containing 0.05%(v/v) triethylamine and 0.1%(w/v) tropolone as the mobile phase (isocratic elution) were used. Extraction of organotins from the samples was carried out using methanol containing 0.05%(w/v) tropolone, a process that was repeated twice. The supernatants were shaken with water and dichloromethane in a separating funnel and the organic phase was collected and evaporated to dryness. When the method was applied to the speciation of tin in fresh and canned mussels, no organotins above the detection limits were identified in any of the samples, inorganic tin being the only species detected. The reliability of the procedure was checked by analyzing the total tin content of the samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and by speciation of tin in a certified reference material, mussel tissue (CRM 477). The method can be used for environmental monitoring of organotins contaminated samples. 相似文献
117.
Animals should optimize the decision of when to come out from a refuge after a predators unsuccessful attack because hiding may be costly. Many prey run to hide in refuges in their habitat, whereas others are sessile and take refuge in a protective structure surrounding their body. An intermediate situation is when animals, such as turtles, have morphological structures that provide some partial protection, but they are also able to escape actively to safer refuges. This might complicate hiding decisions predicted by the theory of optimal-refuge use. We studied antipredatory tactics of Spanish terrapins (Mauremys leprosa) in response to simulated predatory attacks with different characteristics (i.e. combinations of several risk factors) and under different conditions (i.e. proximity to safe refuges), which should contribute to overall risk-level estimation. We specifically examined how risk level affected time spent withdrawn into the shell and time until turtles switched to an active escape tactic. The results showed that turtles were able to adjust their hiding behavior by assessing the risk of emerging before the predator had left the area. However, increasing hiding time may also increase the risk that the predator was able to injure or kill the turtle. Thus, the possibility of switching the antipredatory tactic to an alternative active escape to safer refuges (i.e. water) also influenced hiding times.Communicated by P. Bednekoff 相似文献
118.
The mechanisms that confer honesty to multiple sexual signals of vertebrates remain less known. We suggest that vitamin E
in the scent (femoral secretions) and carotenoids in coloration of Lacerta lepida lizards might advertise quality because they are relevant in metabolism as major antioxidants and have a dietary origin.
Results showed that there may be similar trade-offs between immunity and both chemical and visual signaling, as males with
more vitamin E in secretions and those with more greenish, darker, and saturated carotenoid-dependent colorations had a higher
immune response. This suggests that only high-quality males can divert from metabolism and allocate enough vitamin E to secretions
and enough carotenoids to coloration. Therefore, information provided by visual and chemical signals is congruent. The use
of multiple sensory channels may allow signaling a male quality under different circumstances or reinforce the reliability
of the signal when both signals are perceived simultaneously. However, we also found that characteristics of carotenoid-dependent
coloration mirror the amounts of vitamin E in secretions. This might support that carotenoids, which are not true antioxidants
in the organism, would just reflect and “inform” on the actual contents of metabolic antioxidant vitamin E, which is part
of the true system that prevent oxidation. We suggest that the metabolic roles of vitamins might be the actual basis of honesty
of many sexual displays, and that carotenoid-based signals might be just the visible part of the whole system. 相似文献
119.
Many animals use chemical signals in sexual selection, but it is not clear how these sexual traits might have evolved to signal honestly male condition. It is possible that there is a trade-off between maintaining the immune system and the elaboration of ornaments. We experimentally challenged the immune system of male Iberian wall lizards, Podarcis hispanica, with a bacterial antigen (lipopolysaccharide), without pathogenic effects, to explore whether the immune activation affected chemical ornaments. Immune activation resulted in decreased proportions of a major chemical in femoral secretions (cholesta-5,7-dien-3-ol = provitamin D(3)) known to be selected in scent of males by females and which active form (vitamin D) has a variety of important effects on immune system function. This result suggests the existence of a potential trade-off between physiological regulation of the immune system and the allocation of essential nutrients (vitamins) to sexual chemical ornaments in male lizards. 相似文献
120.
The trophic ecology of the lanternfish Lampanyctus pusillus was investigated using individuals captured off the Balearic Islands (39°N, 2°E) (western Mediterranean) in December 2009. Based on gut content analyses, the trophic niche breadth, diet composition and selectivity were determined for the entire life cycle of L. pusillus. The larval stages fed actively near the surface during the day, with a feeding incidence (FI) of approximately 71 %. In contrast, the adults fed at night, both in near-surface depths and in the 400 m deep scattering layer, with a higher FI (83 %). Diet analysis revealed a shift in the prey choice throughout ontogenetic development, from preflexion individuals, which selected nauplii and small oncaeids, to postflexion larvae, which consumed a variety of calanoids, mainly Clausocalanus spp., to the adults, which preyed on large organisms, exhibiting positive selectivity for Pleuromamma spp. and euphausiids. These results show that the vertical distribution of larvae and adults is partly conditioned by their respective feeding habits, with larvae feeding on small zooplankton in the upper layer and adults preferring to consume larger taxa that perform nycthemeral migrations. 相似文献